fix(tables): coerce row values to column types on write instead of failing

apps/sim/lib/table/__tests__/service-filter-threading.test.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ vi.mock('@/lib/table/workflow-columns', () => ({
 vi.mock('@/lib/table/validation', () => ({
   validateRowSize: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   validateRowAgainstSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
+  coerceRowToSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
+  coerceRowValues: vi.fn(),
   validateTableName: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   validateTableSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   getUniqueColumns: vi.fn(() => []),

apps/sim/lib/table/__tests__/update-row.test.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ vi.mock('@sim/db', () => dbChainMock)
 vi.mock('@/lib/table/validation', () => ({
   validateRowSize: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   validateRowAgainstSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
+  coerceRowToSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
+  coerceRowValues: vi.fn(),
   validateTableName: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   validateTableSchema: vi.fn(() => ({ valid: true, errors: [] })),
   getUniqueColumns: vi.fn(() => []),

apps/sim/lib/table/__tests__/validation.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { TABLE_LIMITS } from '../constants'
 import {
   type ColumnDefinition,
+  coerceRowToSchema,
+  coerceRowValues,
   getUniqueColumns,
   type TableSchema,
   validateColumnDefinition,
@@ -277,6 +279,127 @@ describe('Validation', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  describe('coerceRowToSchema', () => {
+    const schema: TableSchema = {
+      columns: [
+        { name: 'name', type: 'string', required: true },
+        { name: 'age', type: 'number' },
+        { name: 'founded', type: 'number', required: true },
+        { name: 'active', type: 'boolean' },
+        { name: 'created', type: 'date' },
+        { name: 'metadata', type: 'json' },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    it('coerces a numeric string to a number in place', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: '1999' }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.founded).toBe(1999)
+    })
+
+    it('nulls an un-coercible value for an optional number column', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, age: 'unknown' }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.age).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('rejects an un-coercible value for a required number column', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 'unknown' }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(false)
+      expect(result.errors[0]).toContain('founded must be number')
+      expect(data.founded).toBe('unknown')
+    })
+
+    it('coerces a number to a string for a string column', () => {
+      const data = { name: 12345, founded: 2000 }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.name).toBe('12345')
+    })
+
+    it('coerces "true"/"false" strings to booleans', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, active: 'false' }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.active).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('coerces an epoch number to an ISO date string', () => {
+      const epoch = Date.parse('2024-01-15T00:00:00Z')
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, created: epoch }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.created).toBe(new Date(epoch).toISOString())
+    })
+
+    it('coerces a Date instance to an ISO date string', () => {
+      const date = new Date('2024-01-15T00:00:00Z')
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, created: date }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.created).toBe(date.toISOString())
+    })
+
+    it('nulls an out-of-range epoch number for an optional date column without throwing', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, created: 1e20 }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.created).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('nulls an invalid Date instance for an optional date column without throwing', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, created: new Date('not-a-date') }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data.created).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('leaves already-correct values untouched and passes through json', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, metadata: { k: 'v' } }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true)
+      expect(data).toEqual({ name: 'Acme', founded: 2000, metadata: { k: 'v' } })
+    })
+
+    it('still rejects a missing required field', () => {
+      const data = { name: 'Acme' }
+      const result = coerceRowToSchema(data, schema)
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(false)
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Missing required field: founded')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('coerceRowValues', () => {
+    const schema: TableSchema = {
+      columns: [
+        { name: 'name', type: 'string', required: true },
+        { name: 'founded', type: 'number', required: true },
+        { name: 'age', type: 'number' },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    it('coerces a partial patch in place without flagging absent required fields', () => {
+      const patch = { age: '42' }
+      coerceRowValues(patch, schema)
+      expect(patch.age).toBe(42)
+    })
+
+    it('nulls an un-coercible optional value in a patch', () => {
+      const patch: { age: unknown } = { age: 'nope' }
+      coerceRowValues(patch as never, schema)
+      expect(patch.age).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('leaves an un-coercible required value in place for downstream validation', () => {
+      const patch: { founded: unknown } = { founded: 'nope' }
+      coerceRowValues(patch as never, schema)
+      expect(patch.founded).toBe('nope')
+    })
+  })
+
   describe('getUniqueColumns', () => {
     it('should return only columns with unique=true', () => {
       const schema: TableSchema = {

apps/sim/lib/table/service.ts

@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ import type {
 import {
   checkBatchUniqueConstraintsDb,
   checkUniqueConstraintsDb,
+  coerceRowToSchema,
+  coerceRowValues,
   getUniqueColumns,
-  validateRowAgainstSchema,
   validateRowSize,
   validateTableName,
   validateTableSchema,
@@ -913,7 +914,7 @@ export async function insertRow(
   }
 
   // Validate against schema
-  const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(data.data, table.schema)
+  const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(data.data, table.schema)
   if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
     throw new Error(`Schema validation failed: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
   }
@@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@ export async function batchInsertRowsWithTx(
       throw new Error(`Row ${i + 1}: ${sizeValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
 
-    const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(row, table.schema)
+    const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(row, table.schema)
     if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
       throw new Error(`Row ${i + 1}: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
@@ -1201,7 +1202,7 @@ export async function replaceTableRowsWithTx(
       throw new Error(`Row ${i + 1}: ${sizeValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
 
-    const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(row, table.schema)
+    const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(row, table.schema)
     if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
       throw new Error(`Row ${i + 1}: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
@@ -1331,22 +1332,24 @@ export async function upsertRow(
     )
   }
 
-  const targetValue = data.data[targetColumnName]
-  if (targetValue === undefined || targetValue === null) {
-    throw new Error(`Upsert requires a value for the conflict target column "${targetColumnName}"`)
-  }
-
   // Validate row data
   const sizeValidation = validateRowSize(data.data)
   if (!sizeValidation.valid) {
     throw new Error(sizeValidation.errors.join(', '))
   }
 
-  const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(data.data, schema)
+  const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(data.data, schema)
   if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
     throw new Error(`Schema validation failed: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
   }
 
+  // Read the conflict-target value *after* coercion so `matchFilter` branches on
+  // the persisted type (e.g. a coerced `"123"` → `123` matches existing rows).
+  const targetValue = data.data[targetColumnName]
+  if (targetValue === undefined || targetValue === null) {
+    throw new Error(`Upsert requires a value for the conflict target column "${targetColumnName}"`)
+  }
+
   // `data->` and `data->>` accept the JSON key as a parameterized text value;
   // no need for `sql.raw` interpolation.
   const matchFilter =
@@ -1957,7 +1960,7 @@ export async function updateRow(
   }
 
   // Validate against schema
-  const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(mergedData, table.schema)
+  const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(mergedData, table.schema)
   if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
     throw new Error(`Schema validation failed: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
   }
@@ -2167,6 +2170,12 @@ export async function updateRowsByFilter(
     return { affectedCount: 0, affectedRowIds: [] }
   }
 
+  // Coerce the patch itself in place — the write below persists `data.data`
+  // (as `patchJson`), so coercing only the per-row merged copies would be
+  // discarded. The merged validation in the loop still enforces required
+  // fields against the full row.
+  coerceRowValues(data.data, table.schema)
+
   for (const row of matchingRows) {
     const existingData = row.data as RowData
     const mergedData = { ...existingData, ...data.data }
@@ -2176,7 +2185,7 @@ export async function updateRowsByFilter(
       throw new Error(`Row ${row.id}: ${sizeValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
 
-    const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(mergedData, table.schema)
+    const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(mergedData, table.schema)
     if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
       throw new Error(`Row ${row.id}: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
@@ -2334,7 +2343,7 @@ export async function batchUpdateRows(
       throw new Error(`Row ${update.rowId}: ${sizeValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
 
-    const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(merged, table.schema)
+    const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(merged, table.schema)
     if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
       throw new Error(`Row ${update.rowId}: ${schemaValidation.errors.join(', ')}`)
     }
@@ -3247,8 +3256,8 @@ export async function updateWorkflowGroup(
 
     // Resolve the new leaf type for each remap so the column's declared type
     // matches what the new mapping produces. Without this, a string→number
-    // remap would keep `type: 'string'` and validateRowAgainstSchema would
-    // reject every backfilled value.
+    // remap would keep `type: 'string'` and coerceRowToSchema would coerce
+    // every backfilled value toward the wrong type.
     try {
       const [
         { loadWorkflowFromNormalizedTables },

apps/sim/lib/table/validation.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { userTableRows } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { and, eq, or, sql } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { COLUMN_TYPES, NAME_PATTERN, TABLE_LIMITS } from './constants'
-import type { ColumnDefinition, RowData, TableSchema, ValidationResult } from './types'
+import type { ColumnDefinition, JsonValue, RowData, TableSchema, ValidationResult } from './types'
 
 export type { ColumnDefinition, TableSchema, ValidationResult }
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export async function validateRowData(
     }
   }
 
-  const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(rowData, schema)
+  const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(rowData, schema)
   if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
     return {
       valid: false,
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export async function validateBatchRows(
       continue
     }
 
-    const schemaValidation = validateRowAgainstSchema(rowData, schema)
+    const schemaValidation = coerceRowToSchema(rowData, schema)
     if (!schemaValidation.valid) {
       errors.push({ row: i, errors: schemaValidation.errors })
     }
@@ -255,6 +255,96 @@ export function validateRowAgainstSchema(data: RowData, schema: TableSchema): Va
   return { valid: errors.length === 0, errors }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Attempts to coerce a non-null value to a column's declared type. Returns the
+ * coerced value when the value already matches or can be converted without
+ * ambiguity (e.g. the string `"1999"` to the number `1999`), and `ok: false`
+ * when no safe conversion exists.
+ */
+function coerceValueToColumnType(
+  value: JsonValue,
+  type: ColumnDefinition['type']
+): { ok: true; value: JsonValue } | { ok: false } {
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'string':
+      if (typeof value === 'string') return { ok: true, value }
+      if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') {
+        return { ok: true, value: String(value) }
+      }
+      return { ok: false }
+    case 'number':
+      if (typeof value === 'number') {
+        return Number.isFinite(value) ? { ok: true, value } : { ok: false }
+      }
+      if (typeof value === 'string' && value.trim() !== '') {
+        const parsed = Number(value)
+        return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? { ok: true, value: parsed } : { ok: false }
+      }
+      return { ok: false }
+    case 'boolean':
+      if (typeof value === 'boolean') return { ok: true, value }
+      if (typeof value === 'string') {
+        const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase()
+        if (normalized === 'true') return { ok: true, value: true }
+        if (normalized === 'false') return { ok: true, value: false }
+      }
+      return { ok: false }
+    case 'date': {
+      if (typeof value === 'string' && !Number.isNaN(Date.parse(value))) return { ok: true, value }
+      // Date instances and epoch numbers may still be out of the representable
+      // range (>±8.64e15ms) — guard `toISOString()`, which throws RangeError on
+      // an Invalid Date, so an over-range value degrades to `{ ok: false }`
+      // rather than crashing the write.
+      const date =
+        value instanceof Date ? value : typeof value === 'number' ? new Date(value) : null
+      if (date && !Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return { ok: true, value: date.toISOString() }
+      return { ok: false }
+    }
+    default:
+      return { ok: true, value }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerces each present value in `data` toward its column's declared type **in
+ * place**. Values that already match are untouched; unambiguous conversions
+ * (e.g. `"1999"` → `1999`) are applied; values that cannot be coerced are set to
+ * `null` when the column is optional, or left in place when required (so a
+ * subsequent {@link validateRowAgainstSchema} reports them).
+ *
+ * Operates per-present-column, so it is safe on a partial patch (columns absent
+ * from `data` are skipped — it never invents a missing-required-field error).
+ */
+export function coerceRowValues(data: RowData, schema: TableSchema): void {
+  for (const column of schema.columns) {
+    const value = data[column.name]
+    if (value === null || value === undefined) continue
+
+    const coerced = coerceValueToColumnType(value, column.type)
+    if (coerced.ok) {
+      data[column.name] = coerced.value
+    } else if (!column.required) {
+      data[column.name] = null
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerces a full row toward its schema **in place** (see {@link coerceRowValues})
+ * then validates the result.
+ *
+ * This is the write-path entry point — callers that persist a complete row use
+ * it instead of {@link validateRowAgainstSchema} so a single off-type field (a
+ * tool returning `"unknown"` for a numeric column, say) nulls that one cell
+ * rather than failing the entire row write. Callers persisting only a partial
+ * patch should use {@link coerceRowValues} on the patch and validate the merged
+ * row separately.
+ */
+export function coerceRowToSchema(data: RowData, schema: TableSchema): ValidationResult {
+  coerceRowValues(data, schema)
+  return validateRowAgainstSchema(data, schema)
+}
+
 /** Validates row data size is within limits. */
 export function validateRowSize(data: RowData): ValidationResult {
   const size = JSON.stringify(data).length