Sample code for: Python Circular Imports: Why They Happen and How to Fix Them - #830
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…Fix Them Seven self-contained projects, one per stage of the tutorial. Each has the same shop/ package plus a main.py, so a reader can run any stage without editing files in place. Two of them fail on purpose: broken/ is the circular import the tutorial sets out to fix, and workaround3_attribute_error/ shows the module-level attribute access failing. Verified on CPython 3.14.6. Passes ruff format and ruff check under the repo config, with two noqa directives where the tutorial is deliberately showing code a linter objects to. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Sample code for Python Circular Imports: Why They Happen and How to Fix Them (CMS Post 2247).
Seven self-contained projects, one per stage of the tutorial. Each carries the same
shop/package plus amain.py, so a reader can run any stage without editing files in place.broken/ImportError(on purpose)step1_remove_dependency/2004.99on 3.14,NameErroron 3.13 and earlierstep2_guard_annotation/2004.99workaround1_defer_import/1004.99workaround2_bottom_import/1004.99workaround3_attribute_error/AttributeError(on purpose)workaround3_import_module/1004.99All seven verified on CPython 3.14.6. Passes
ruff format --checkandruff checkunder the repo config.Two
# noqadirectives, both where the tutorial is deliberately showing code a linter objects to:F821instep1_remove_dependency/(the annotation is unresolvable until Step 2 guards the import) andE402inworkaround2_bottom_import/(the bottom import is the technique being demonstrated). Both are explained in the folder README.🤖 Generated with Claude Code