[jonyoder]

With UpgradeTimeFactor or UpgradeMaxTime set, each UpgradeRoots re-solve now runs under a child context that ends at the pass's bound. Before, the bound was checked only before a re-solve, so one in flight could overrun it by a whole solve (on PPM's s2-105 list, that set the pass's floor at ~1.4x the base solve). For rstudio/package-manager#22598.

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• Child deadline = time the pass has left (limit - (now - passStart)). No new option.
• A re-solve cut by that deadline counts as no gain and ends the pass; the best answer so far comes back, no error. Parent vs child is told apart by checking the parent ctx, not the error.
• A parent cancel or deadline behaves as before. With no bound set, no child context is made: same code path as today.
• Docs on both fields and CHANGELOG (Unreleased, Changed) updated.

Tests (resolver/upgrade_cut_test.go): an index wrapper that stalls reads under a deadline until the ctx ends (5s fail-safe), so a "slow" re-solve costs ~100ms real time. Covers: running re-solve cut, base returned, no further re-solve; cut after a gain keeps the gain; each re-solve's deadline equals the pass's remaining time (fake clock: 25s/15s/5s at factor 2.5); parent deadline unchanged with and without a bound; no bound adds no deadline; repeated runs identical.

RED on main: the 4 cut/deadline tests failed (upgraded answer after 3 re-solves, no deadline on re-solves); the parent and no-bound tests passed, as they should. GREEN after the fix.

Checked: go test -race ./... pass; vet, gofmt, golangci-lint clean. packse 147 = 94/2/6/4/41, SAT oracle 102 with 8 disagreements, ecosystem 165 pins, transcript unchanged (no testdata changed).

Merged origin/main (v0.24.0 release); the auto-merge put the entry in the tagged 0.24.0 section, moved back to Unreleased in 86c98cf.

RoboRev: job 5262 (66782db) and job 5263 (86c98cf), both pass with no findings.

Independence audit (audit.sh --paths '%go-pyresolver-worktrees/upgrade-child-deadline%', after agentsview sync): PASS, exit 0. 1 authoring session, 241 in the lineage, no known reference retrieved. Cross-repo note: 2 curl downloads of the uv release binary by a dogfood session in the lineage (a binary, not source).

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