Rebuild images automatically when their base image changes

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -32,12 +32,24 @@ on:
         description: "Build without layer cache (use after security fixes)"
         type: boolean
         default: false
+  # Called by rebuild.yml for images whose base image has changed.
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      versions:
+        type: string
+        default: ""
+      push:
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      no_cache:
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 concurrency:
-  group: build-${{ github.ref }}
+  group: build-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
@@ -70,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
       # Image name with the registry host, e.g. registry.example.com/php.
       # Without a host it is Docker Hub (narel/php).
       REGISTRY: ${{ vars.REGISTRY || 'narel/php' }}
-      PUSH: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.push && '1' || '' }}
+      PUSH: ${{ inputs.push && '1' || '' }}
       NO_CACHE: ${{ inputs.no_cache && '1' || '' }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/rebuild.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+name: Rebuild on base image update
+
+# Every day, compare the digest of each image's base image with the one
+# recorded in the pushed image (label org.opencontainers.image.base.digest).
+# Rebuild and push only the versions whose base image has changed. An image
+# without the label (pushed before it existed) is rebuilt too.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "17 4 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      versions: ${{ steps.check.outputs.versions }}
+    env:
+      REGISTRY: ${{ vars.REGISTRY || 'narel/php' }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Log in to the registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ vars.REGISTRY_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - id: check
+        run: |
+          outdated=()
+          for v in $(./build.sh --list); do
+            base=$(./build.sh --base "$v")
+            current=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "$base" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}' 2>/dev/null || true)
+            if [ -z "$current" ]; then
+              echo "::warning::$v: cannot read base image $base, skipping"
+              continue
+            fi
+            # A single image gives its config, a multi-platform one a map
+            # of platform -> config.
+            recorded=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "${REGISTRY}:${v}" --format '{{json .Image}}' 2>/dev/null \
+              | jq -r 'if has("config") then . else (to_entries[0].value // {}) end
+                       | .config.Labels["org.opencontainers.image.base.digest"] // empty' || true)
+            if [ "$current" = "$recorded" ]; then
+              echo "$v: up to date ($base)"
+            else
+              echo "$v: base image $base changed (${recorded:-none} -> $current)"
+              outdated+=("$v")
+            fi
+          done
+          echo "versions=${outdated[*]}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "### Outdated: ${outdated[*]:-none}" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+
+  rebuild:
+    needs: check
+    if: needs.check.outputs.versions != ''
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
+    with:
+      versions: ${{ needs.check.outputs.versions }}
+      push: true
+    secrets: inherit

README.md

@@ -181,6 +181,20 @@ Pushing is configured in **Settings → Secrets and variables → Actions**:
 The registry must be reachable from GitHub-hosted runners, over HTTPS with a
 publicly trusted certificate.
 
+### Automatic rebuilds
+
+`.github/workflows/rebuild.yml` runs every day at 04:17 UTC (and on demand
+from the Actions tab). For every version it compares the digest of the base
+image (`ubuntu:26.04`, `debian:trixie`, …) with the digest recorded in the
+pushed image, in the `org.opencontainers.image.base.digest` label that
+`build.sh` sets. Only the versions whose base image changed are rebuilt and
+pushed. An image without the label is rebuilt once, which adds it.
+
+`./build.sh --base 8.5` prints the base image of a version.
+
+This catches new base images only. Security fixes that reach Debian, Ubuntu or
+Sury between base image releases still need a manual run with `no_cache`.
+
 ---
 
 ## Running

build.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 #   NO_CACHE=1 ./build.sh 8.5     # no layer cache - use after security fixes
 #   BUILDER=oldbuilder ./build.sh 5.5     # build with the given buildx builder
 #   ./build.sh --list             # print the available versions and exit
+#   ./build.sh --base 8.5         # print the base image of a version and exit
+#
+# Every image gets the labels org.opencontainers.image.base.name and
+# org.opencontainers.image.base.digest. The scheduled rebuild workflow
+# compares that digest with the current one to find outdated images.
 #
 # --pull refreshes only the base image. If it has not changed, the apt-get
 # layer comes from the cache and new packages from the repository do NOT
@@ -71,6 +76,29 @@ find_entry() {
     echo "$VERSIONS" | grep -v '^[[:space:]]*$' | awk -F'|' -v v="$1" '$1 == v {print; exit}'
 }
 
+# Base image of a version: from the table, or from the FROM line of its
+# Dockerfile (legacy images and 7.4-mongodb1.18 use their own default).
+base_of() {
+    local entry ver dockerfile base rest from
+    entry="$(find_entry "$1")"
+    [ -n "$entry" ] || return 1
+    IFS='|' read -r ver dockerfile base rest <<<"$entry"
+    if [ -z "$base" ]; then
+        from="$(awk 'toupper($1) == "FROM" {print $2; exit}' "$dockerfile")"
+        if [[ "$from" == *'${BASE_IMAGE}'* ]]; then
+            base="$(sed -n 's/^ARG BASE_IMAGE=//p' "$dockerfile" | head -n1)"
+        else
+            base="$from"
+        fi
+    fi
+    echo "$base"
+}
+
+# Digest of the base image in its registry, empty if it cannot be read.
+base_digest() {
+    docker buildx imagetools inspect "$1" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}' 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
 build_one() {
     local entry ver dockerfile base imap req opt tags repo
     entry="$(find_entry "$1")"
@@ -90,6 +118,12 @@ build_one() {
         args=(build)
     fi
     args+=(--file "$dockerfile" --tag "${REGISTRY}:${ver}")
+
+    local base_name base_dig
+    base_name="$(base_of "$ver")"
+    base_dig="$(base_digest "$base_name")"
+    args+=(--label "org.opencontainers.image.base.name=${base_name}")
+    [ -n "$base_dig" ] && args+=(--label "org.opencontainers.image.base.digest=${base_dig}")
     [ -z "$NO_PULL" ] && args+=(--pull)
     [ -n "$NO_CACHE" ] && args+=(--no-cache)
     [ -n "$PLATFORM" ] && args+=(--platform "$PLATFORM")
@@ -135,6 +169,11 @@ if [ "${1:-}" = "--list" ]; then
     exit 0
 fi
 
+if [ "${1:-}" = "--base" ]; then
+    base_of "${2:-}" || { echo "!! unknown version: ${2:-}" >&2; exit 1; }
+    exit 0
+fi
+
 if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
     targets=("$@")
 else