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fix(bigquery): drop support for end-of-life Python 3.10 #19058

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fix(bigquery): drop support for end-of-life Python 3.10
tswast Nov 12, 2026
55b0807
remove dead code
tswast Nov 12, 2026
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/README.rst
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Expand Up @@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ dependencies.

Supported Python Versions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Python >= 3.10
Python >= 3.11

Unsupported Python Versions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Python <= 3.9.
Python <= 3.10.

The last version of this library compatible with Python 2.7 and 3.5 is
`google-cloud-bigquery==1.28.0`.
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/docs/README.rst
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Expand Up @@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ dependencies.

Supported Python Versions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Python >= 3.10
Python >= 3.11

Unsupported Python Versions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Python <= 3.9.
Python <= 3.10.

The last version of this library compatible with Python 2.7 and 3.5 is
`google-cloud-bigquery==1.28.0`.
Expand Down
10 changes: 0 additions & 10 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/__init__.py
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Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
- :class:`~google.cloud.bigquery.table.Table` represents a single "relation".
"""

import sys
import warnings

import google.api_core as api_core
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -128,15 +127,6 @@
except ImportError:
bigquery_magics = None

if sys.version_info < (3, 10): # pragma: NO COVER
warnings.warn(
"The python-bigquery library no longer supports Python <= 3.9. "
f"Your Python version is {sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}.{sys.version_info.micro}. We "
"recommend that you update soon to ensure ongoing support. For "
"more details, see: [Google Cloud Client Libraries Supported Python Versions policy](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/supported-python-versions)",
FutureWarning,
)

api_core.check_python_version(__name__)
api_core.check_dependency_versions(__name__)

Expand Down
14 changes: 0 additions & 14 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/_versions_helpers.py
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Expand Up @@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
_MIN_BQ_STORAGE_VERSION = packaging.version.Version("2.0.0")
_BQ_STORAGE_OPTIONAL_READ_SESSION_VERSION = packaging.version.Version("2.6.0")
_MIN_PANDAS_VERSION = packaging.version.Version("1.1.0")

_MIN_PANDAS_VERSION_RANGE = packaging.version.Version("1.5.0")
_MIN_PYARROW_VERSION_RANGE = packaging.version.Version("10.0.1")
_MIN_PANDAS_GBQ_DELEGATION_VERSION = packaging.version.Version("1.0.0")


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -251,17 +248,6 @@ def try_import(self, raise_if_error: bool = False) -> Any:

PANDAS_VERSIONS = PandasVersions()

# Since RANGE support in pandas requires specific versions
# of both pyarrow and pandas, we make this a separate
# constant instead of as a property of PANDAS_VERSIONS
# or PYARROW_VERSIONS.
SUPPORTS_RANGE_PYARROW = (
PANDAS_VERSIONS.try_import() is not None
and PANDAS_VERSIONS.installed_version >= _MIN_PANDAS_VERSION_RANGE
and PYARROW_VERSIONS.try_import() is not None
and PYARROW_VERSIONS.installed_version >= _MIN_PYARROW_VERSION_RANGE
)


class PandasGBQVersions:
"""Version and delegation comparisons for pandas-gbq package."""
Expand Down
1 change: 0 additions & 1 deletion packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/client.py
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Expand Up @@ -142,7 +142,6 @@
] # for resumable media methods

if typing.TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: NO COVER
# os.PathLike is only subscriptable in Python 3.9+, thus shielding with a condition.
PathType = Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str], os.PathLike[bytes], io.IOBase]
_DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024 # 100 MB
_MAX_MULTIPART_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024
Expand Down
6 changes: 1 addition & 5 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/model.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Union

import google.cloud._helpers # type: ignore
from google.cloud.bigquery import _helpers
from google.cloud.bigquery import standard_sql
from google.cloud.bigquery import _helpers, standard_sql
from google.cloud.bigquery.encryption_configuration import EncryptionConfiguration


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -252,7 +251,6 @@ def expires(self, value: Optional[datetime.datetime]):
value_to_store: Optional[str] = None
else:
value_to_store = str(google.cloud._helpers._millis_from_datetime(value))
# TODO: Consider using typing.TypedDict when only Python 3.8+ is supported.
self._properties["expirationTime"] = value_to_store # type: ignore

@property
Expand All @@ -262,7 +260,6 @@ def description(self) -> Optional[str]:

@description.setter
def description(self, value: Optional[str]):
# TODO: Consider using typing.TypedDict when only Python 3.8+ is supported.
self._properties["description"] = value # type: ignore

@property
Expand All @@ -272,7 +269,6 @@ def friendly_name(self) -> Optional[str]:

@friendly_name.setter
def friendly_name(self, value: Optional[str]):
# TODO: Consider using typing.TypedDict when only Python 3.8+ is supported.
self._properties["friendlyName"] = value # type: ignore

@property
Expand Down
3 changes: 0 additions & 3 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/schema.py
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Expand Up @@ -57,9 +57,6 @@ class _DefaultSentinel(enum.Enum):

Uses enum so that pytype/mypy knows that this is the only possible value.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/60605919/101923

Literal[_DEFAULT_VALUE] is an alternative, but only added in Python 3.8.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Literal
"""

DEFAULT_VALUE = object()
Expand Down
59 changes: 19 additions & 40 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/google/cloud/bigquery/table.py
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Expand Up @@ -107,12 +107,6 @@
"because the necessary `__from_arrow__` attribute is missing."
)

_RANGE_PYARROW_WARNING = (
"Unable to represent RANGE schema as struct using pandas ArrowDtype. Using "
"`object` instead. To use ArrowDtype, use pandas >= 1.5 and "
"pyarrow >= 10.0.1."
)

_TO_DATAFRAME_DEPRECATED = (
"Retrieving DataFrames via google-cloud-bigquery is deprecated. "
"For direct, optimized access, please call 'pandas_gbq.read_gbq()' directly."
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -822,7 +816,7 @@ def time_partitioning(self, value):
api_repr = value.to_api_repr()
elif value is not None:
raise ValueError(
"value must be google.cloud.bigquery.table.TimePartitioning " "or None"
"value must be google.cloud.bigquery.table.TimePartitioning or None"
)
self._properties[self._PROPERTY_TO_API_FIELD["time_partitioning"]] = api_repr

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2839,43 +2833,29 @@ def to_dataframe(
time_dtype = db_dtypes.TimeDtype()

if range_date_dtype is DefaultPandasDTypes.RANGE_DATE_DTYPE:
if _versions_helpers.SUPPORTS_RANGE_PYARROW:
range_date_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct(
[("start", pyarrow.date32()), ("end", pyarrow.date32())]
)
)
else:
warnings.warn(_RANGE_PYARROW_WARNING)
range_date_dtype = None
range_date_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct([("start", pyarrow.date32()), ("end", pyarrow.date32())])
)

if range_datetime_dtype is DefaultPandasDTypes.RANGE_DATETIME_DTYPE:
if _versions_helpers.SUPPORTS_RANGE_PYARROW:
range_datetime_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct(
[
("start", pyarrow.timestamp("us")),
("end", pyarrow.timestamp("us")),
]
)
range_datetime_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct(
[
("start", pyarrow.timestamp("us")),
("end", pyarrow.timestamp("us")),
]
)
else:
warnings.warn(_RANGE_PYARROW_WARNING)
range_datetime_dtype = None
)

if range_timestamp_dtype is DefaultPandasDTypes.RANGE_TIMESTAMP_DTYPE:
if _versions_helpers.SUPPORTS_RANGE_PYARROW:
range_timestamp_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct(
[
("start", pyarrow.timestamp("us", tz="UTC")),
("end", pyarrow.timestamp("us", tz="UTC")),
]
)
range_timestamp_dtype = pandas.ArrowDtype(
pyarrow.struct(
[
("start", pyarrow.timestamp("us", tz="UTC")),
("end", pyarrow.timestamp("us", tz="UTC")),
]
)
else:
warnings.warn(_RANGE_PYARROW_WARNING)
range_timestamp_dtype = None
)

if bool_dtype is not None and not hasattr(bool_dtype, "__from_arrow__"):
raise ValueError("bool_dtype", _NO_SUPPORTED_DTYPE)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -3112,8 +3092,7 @@ def to_geodataframe(
)
if not geography_columns:
raise TypeError(
"There must be at least one GEOGRAPHY column"
" to create a GeoDataFrame"
"There must be at least one GEOGRAPHY column to create a GeoDataFrame"
)

if geography_column:
Expand Down
15 changes: 10 additions & 5 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/noxfile.py
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Expand Up @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@

DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.14"
ALL_PYTHON = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]
UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS = ALL_PYTHON
UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS = ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]

@gemini-code-assist gemini-code-assist Bot Nov 12, 2026

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medium

Since Python 3.10 is no longer supported, we should remove "3.10" from ALL_PYTHON on line 41.

By doing so, we can keep UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS = ALL_PYTHON and avoid changing the @nox.session decorators to use ALL_PYTHON and adding manual session.skip checks in the unit and mypy sessions.

Suggested change
UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS = ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]
UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS = ALL_PYTHON

@tswast tswast Nov 12, 2026

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No. That would break GitHub Actions.

CURRENT_DIRECTORY = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.absolute()
# Path to the centralized mypy configuration file at the repository root.
# Search upwards to support running nox from both monorepo packages and integration test goldens.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -175,11 +175,14 @@ def default(session, install_extras=True):
)


@nox.session(python=UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS)
@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON)
@nox.parametrize("test_type", ["unit", "unit_noextras"])
@_calculate_duration
def unit(session, test_type):
"""Run the unit test suite."""
if session.python not in UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS:
session.skip(f"Python {session.python} is not supported.")

install_extras = True
if test_type == "unit_noextras":
# unit_noextras only runs on the oldest and newest Python versions
Expand All @@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ def unit(session, test_type):
# so that it continues to be an optional dependency.
# https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/1877
if session.python == UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[0]:
session.install("pyarrow==6.0.0", "numpy==1.22.0")
session.install("pyarrow==10.0.1", "numpy==1.23.2")

default(session, install_extras=install_extras)

Expand All @@ -211,6 +214,8 @@ def unit(session, test_type):
@_calculate_duration
def mypy(session):
"""Run type checks with mypy."""
if session.python not in UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS:
session.skip(f"Python {session.python} is not supported.")

session.install("-e", ".[all]")
session.install(MYPY_VERSION)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -527,7 +532,7 @@ def blacken(session):
session.run("black", *BLACK_PATHS)


@nox.session(python="3.10")
@nox.session(python="3.11")
@_calculate_duration
def docs(session):
"""Build the docs."""
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -566,7 +571,7 @@ def docs(session):
)


@nox.session(python="3.10")
@nox.session(python="3.11")
@_calculate_duration
def docfx(session):
"""Build the docfx yaml files for this library."""
Expand Down
13 changes: 6 additions & 7 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/pyproject.toml
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Expand Up @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
name = "google-cloud-bigquery"
authors = [{ name = "Google LLC", email = "googleapis-packages@google.com" }]
license = { text = "Apache 2.0" }
requires-python = ">=3.10"
requires-python = ">=3.11"
description = "Google BigQuery API client library"
readme = "README.rst"
classifiers = [
Expand All @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ classifiers = [
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"Programming Language :: Python",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -69,18 +68,18 @@ bqstorage = [
# https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/15254
"grpcio >= 1.59.0, < 2.0.0",
"grpcio >= 1.75.1, < 2.0.0; python_version >= '3.14'",
"pyarrow >= 4.0.0",
"pyarrow >= 10.0.1",
]
pandas = [
"pandas >= 1.3.0",
"pandas >= 1.5.0",
"pandas-gbq >= 0.26.1",
"grpcio >= 1.59.0, < 2.0.0",
"grpcio >= 1.75.1, < 2.0.0; python_version >= '3.14'",
"pyarrow >= 3.0.0",
"db-dtypes >= 1.0.4, < 2.0.0",
"pyarrow >= 10.0.1",
"db-dtypes >= 1.0.5, < 2.0.0",
]
ipywidgets = ["ipywidgets >= 7.7.1", "ipykernel >= 6.2.0"]
geopandas = ["geopandas >= 0.9.0, < 2.0.0", "Shapely >= 1.8.4, < 3.0.0"]
geopandas = ["geopandas >= 0.9.0, < 2.0.0", "Shapely >= 1.8.5, < 3.0.0"]
ipython = ["ipython >= 7.23.1", "bigquery-magics >= 0.6.0"]
matplotlib = [
"matplotlib >= 3.10.3",
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/desktopapp/noxfile.py
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Expand Up @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def get_pytest_env_vars() -> Dict[str, str]:

# DO NOT EDIT - automatically generated.
# All versions used to test samples.
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]

# Any default versions that should be ignored.
IGNORED_VERSIONS = TEST_CONFIG["ignored_versions"]
Expand Down
2 changes: 0 additions & 2 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/desktopapp/noxfile_config.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
# You can opt out from the test for specific Python versions.
"ignored_versions": [
"2.7",
# TODO: Enable 3.10 once there is a geopandas/fiona release.
# https://github.com/Toblerity/Fiona/issues/1043
"3.10",
],
# An envvar key for determining the project id to use. Change it
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/geography/noxfile.py
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Expand Up @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def get_pytest_env_vars() -> Dict[str, str]:

# DO NOT EDIT - automatically generated.
# All versions used to test samples.
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]

# Any default versions that should be ignored.
IGNORED_VERSIONS = TEST_CONFIG["ignored_versions"]
Expand Down
2 changes: 0 additions & 2 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/geography/noxfile_config.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
# You can opt out from the test for specific Python versions.
"ignored_versions": [
"2.7",
# TODO: Enable 3.10 once there is a geopandas/fiona release.
# https://github.com/Toblerity/Fiona/issues/1043
"3.10",
],
# An envvar key for determining the project id to use. Change it
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/magics/noxfile.py
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Expand Up @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def get_pytest_env_vars() -> Dict[str, str]:

# DO NOT EDIT - automatically generated.
# All versions used to test samples.
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]

# Any default versions that should be ignored.
IGNORED_VERSIONS = TEST_CONFIG["ignored_versions"]
Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/magics/noxfile_config.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
# You can opt out from the test for specific Python versions.
"ignored_versions": [
"2.7",
"3.10",
],
# An envvar key for determining the project id to use. Change it
# to 'BUILD_SPECIFIC_GCLOUD_PROJECT' if you want to opt in using a
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/notebooks/noxfile.py
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Expand Up @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def get_pytest_env_vars() -> Dict[str, str]:

# DO NOT EDIT - automatically generated.
# All versions used to test samples.
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]

# Any default versions that should be ignored.
IGNORED_VERSIONS = TEST_CONFIG["ignored_versions"]
Expand Down
2 changes: 0 additions & 2 deletions packages/google-cloud-bigquery/samples/notebooks/noxfile_config.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
# You can opt out from the test for specific Python versions.
"ignored_versions": [
"2.7",
# TODO: Enable 3.10 once there is a geopandas/fiona release.
# https://github.com/Toblerity/Fiona/issues/1043
"3.10",
],
# An envvar key for determining the project id to use. Change it
Expand Down
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