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Update dependency @apollo/gateway to v2.10.1 [SECURITY] - #172

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Update dependency @apollo/gateway to v2.10.1 [SECURITY]#172
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This PR contains the following updates:

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@apollo/gateway (source) 2.5.1 → 2.10.1 age confidence

Apollo Query Planner and Apollo Gateway may infinitely loop on sufficiently complex queries

CVE-2024-43414 / GHSA-fmj9-77q8-g6c4

More information

Details

Impact

Instances of @​apollo/query-planner >=2.0.0 and <2.8.5 are impacted by a denial-of-service vulnerability. @​apollo/gateway versions >=2.0.0 and < 2.8.5 and Apollo Router <1.52.1 are also impacted through their use of @​apollo/query-planner.

If @​apollo/query-planner is asked to plan a sufficiently complex query, it may loop infinitely and never complete. This results in unbounded memory consumption and either a crash or out-of-memory (OOM) termination.

This issue can be triggered if you have at least one non-@key field that can be resolved by multiple subgraphs. To identify these shared fields, the schema for each subgraph must be reviewed. The mechanism to identify shared fields varies based on the version of Federation your subgraphs are using.

You can check if your subgraphs are using Federation 1 or Federation 2 by reviewing their schemas. Federation 2 subgraph schemas will contain a @link directive referencing the version of Federation being used while Federation 1 subgraphs will not. For example, in a Federation 2 subgraph, you will find a line like @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.0"). If a similar @link directive is not present in your subgraph schema, it is using Federation 1. Note that a supergraph can contain a mix of Federation 1 and Federation 2 subgraphs.

To review Federation 1 subgraphs for impact:

In Federation 1 subgraphs, fields are implicitly shareable across subgraphs. To review for impact, you will need to review for cases where multiple subgraphs can resolve the same field. For example:

##### Subgraph 1
type Query {
  field: Int
}

##### Subgraph 2
type Query {
  field: Int
}

To review Federation 2 subgraphs for impact:

In Federation 2 subgraphs, fields must be explicitly defined as shareable across subgraphs. This is done via the @shareable directive. For example:

##### Subgraph 1
@link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.0")
type Query {
  field: Int @shareable
}

##### Subgraph 2
@link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.0")
type Query {
  field: Int @shareable
}
Impact Detail

This issue results from the Apollo query planner attempting to use a Number exceeding Javascript’s Number.MAX_VALUE in some cases. In Javascript, Number.MAX_VALUE is (2^1024 - 2^971).

When the query planner receives an inbound graphql request, it breaks the query into pieces and for each piece, generates a list of potential execution steps to solve the piece. These candidates represent the steps that the query planner will take to satisfy the pieces of the larger query. As part of normal operations, the query planner requires and calculates the number of possible query plans for the total query. That is, it needs the product of the number of query plan candidates for each piece of the query. Under normal circumstances, after generating all query plan candidates and calculating the number of all permutations, the query planner moves on to stack rank candidates and prune less-than-optimal options.

In particularly complex queries, especially those where fields can be solved through multiple subgraphs, this can cause the number of all query plan permutations to balloon. In worst-case scenarios, this can end up being a number larger than Number.MAX_VALUE. In Javascript, if Number.MAX_VALUE is exceeded, Javascript represents the value as “infinity”. If the count of candidates is evaluated as infinity, the component of the query planner responsible for pruning less-than-optimal query plans does not actually prune candidates, causing the query planner to evaluate many orders of magnitude more query plan candidates than necessary.

A given graph’s exposure to this issue varies based on its complexity. Consider the following Federation 2 subgraphs:

##### Subgraph 1
type Query {
  field: Int @shareable
}

##### Subgraph 2
type Query {
  field: Int @shareable
}

The query planner can solve requests for Query.field in one of two ways - either by querying subgraph 1 or subgraph 2.

The following query with 1024 aliased fields would trigger this issue because 2^1024 > Number.MAX_VALUE:

query {
  field_1: field
  field_2: field
  # ...
  field_1023: field
  field_1024: field
}

However, in a graph that provided 5 options to solve a given field, the bug could be encountered in a query that aliased the field approximately 440 times.

Patches

@​apollo/query-planner 2.8.5
@​apollo/gateway 2.8.5
Apollo Router 1.52.1

Workarounds

This issue can be avoided by ensuring there are no fields resolvable from multiple subgraphs. If all subgraphs are using Federation 2, you can confirm that you are not impacted by ensuring that none of your subgraph schemas use the @shareable directive. If you are using Federation 1 subgraphs, you will need to validate that there are no fields resolvable by multiple subgraphs.

Note that a supergraph can contain a mix of Federation 1 and Federation 2 subgraphs.

If you do have fields resolvable by multiple subgraphs, changing this behavior in response to this issue may be risky to the operation of your supergraph. We recommend that you update to a patched version of either Apollo Router or Apollo Gateway.

Apollo customers with an enterprise entitlement using the Apollo Router can also mitigate much of the risk from this issue by implementing Apollo’s Persisted Queries (PQ) feature. With PQ enabled, the Apollo Router will only execute safelisted queries. While customers would need to ensure that queries that induce this issue are not added to the safelist, PQs would mitigate the risk of clients submitting ad hoc queries that exploit this issue.

References

Additional information on Query Plans

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 8.7 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Named Fragment Expansion

CVE-2025-32030 / GHSA-q2f9-x4p4-7xmh

More information

Details

Impact
Summary

A vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically during named fragment expansion. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.

Details

Named fragments were being expanded once per fragment spread during query planning, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved.

Fix/Mitigation

A new Query Fragment Expansion Limit metric has been introduced:

  • This metric computes the number of selections a query would have if its fragment spreads were fully expanded.
  • The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.
Patches

This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.

Workarounds

No known direct workarounds exist.

References

Query Planning Documentation

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass

CVE-2025-32031 / GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr

More information

Details

Impact
Summary

A vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.

Details

The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable.

Fix/Mitigation
  • A new Query Optimization Limit metric has been added:
    • This metric approximates the number of selections that cannot be skipped by the existing optimization.
    • The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.

Given the complexity of query planning optimizations, we will continue refining these solutions based on real-world performance and accuracy tests.

Patches

This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.

Workarounds

No known direct workarounds exist.

References

Query Planning Documentation

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

Apollo Federation vulnerable to prototype pollution via incomplete key sanitization

CVE-2026-32621 / GHSA-pfjj-6f4p-rvmh

More information

Details

Impact

A vulnerability exists in query plan execution within the gateway that may allow pollution of Object.prototype in certain scenarios. A malicious client may be able to pollute Object.prototype in gateway directly by crafting operations with field aliases and/or variable names that target prototype-inheritable properties. Alternatively, if a subgraph were to be compromised by a malicious actor, they may be able to pollute Object.prototype in gateway by crafting JSON response payloads that target prototype-inheritable properties.

Because Object.prototype is shared across the Node.js process, successful exploitation can affect subsequent requests to the gateway instance. This may result in unexpected application behavior, privilege escalation, data integrity issues, or other security impact depending on how polluted properties are subsequently consumed by the application or its dependencies. As of the date of this advisory, Apollo is not aware of any reported exploitation of this vulnerability.

Patches

Mitigations addressing prototype pollution exposure have been applied in @apollo/federation-internals, @apollo/gateway, and @apollo/query-planner versions 2.9.6, 2.10.5, 2.11.6, 2.12.3, and 2.13.2. Users are encouraged to upgrade to these versions or later at their earliest convenience.

Workarounds

A fully effective workaround is not available without a code change. As an interim measure, users who are unable to upgrade immediately may consider placing an input validation layer in front of the gateway to filter operations containing GraphQL names matching known Object.prototype pollution patterns (e.g., __proto__, constructor, prototype). Users should also ensure that subgraphs in their federated graph originate from trusted sources.

Severity

  • CVSS Score: 9.9 / 10 (Critical)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L

References

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

Release Notes

apollographql/federation (@​apollo/gateway)

v2.10.1

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v2.10.0

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v2.9.6

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v2.9.5

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v2.9.4

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v2.9.3

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v2.9.2

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v2.9.1

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v2.9.0

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v2.8.5

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v2.8.4

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v2.8.3

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v2.8.2

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v2.8.1

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v2.8.0

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Minor Changes

  • Implement new directives to allow getting and setting context. This allows resolvers to reference and access data referenced by entities that exist in the GraphPath that was used to access the field. The following example demonstrates the ability to access the prop field within the Child resolver. (#​2988)

    type Query {
  p: Parent!
}
type Parent @key(fields: "id") @context(name: "context") {
  id: ID!
  child: Child!
  prop: String!
}
type Child @key(fields: "id") {
  id: ID!
  b: String!
  field(a: String @fromContext(field: "$context { prop }")): Int!
}
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v2.7.8

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v2.7.7

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v2.7.6

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v2.7.5

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v2.7.4

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v2.7.3

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v2.7.2

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v2.7.1

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v2.7.0

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Minor Changes

  • Implement progressive @override functionality (#​2911)

    The progressive @override feature brings a new argument to the @override directive: label: String. When a label is added to an @override application, the override becomes conditional, depending on parameters provided to the query planner (a set of which labels should be overridden). Note that this feature will be supported in router for enterprise users only.

    Out-of-the-box, the router will support a percentage-based use case for progressive @override. For example:

    type Query {
  hello: String @override(from: "original", label: "percent(5)")
}

    The above example will override the root hello field from the "original" subgraph 5% of the time.

    More complex use cases will be supported by the router via the use of coprocessors/rhai to resolve arbitrary labels to true/false values (i.e. via a feature flag service).

Patch Changes

v2.6.3

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v2.6.2

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v2.6.1

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v2.6.0

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Minor Changes

  • Add more information to OpenTelemetry spans. (#​2700)

    Rename operationName to graphql.operation.name and add a
    graphql.operation.type attribute, in conformance with the OpenTelemetry
    Semantic Conventions for GraphQL. The operationName attribute is now
    deprecated, but it is still emitted alongside graphql.operation.name.

    Add a graphql.document span attribute to the gateway.request span,
    containing the entire GraphQL source sent in the request. This feature
    is disable by default.

    When one or more GraphQL or internal errors occur, report them in the
    OpenTelemetry span in which they took place, as an exception event. This
    feature is disabled by default.

    To enable the graphql.document span attribute and the exception event
    reporting, add the following entries to your ApolloGateway instance
    configuration:

    const gateway = new ApolloGateway({
  // ...
  telemetry: {
    // Set to `true` to include the `graphql.document` attribute
    includeDocument: true,
    // Set to `true` to report all exception events, or set to a number
    // to report at most that number of exception events per span
    reportExceptions: true,
    // or: reportExceptions: 1
  },
});

  • Update license field in package.json to use Elastic-2.0 SPDX identifier (#​2741)

  • Introduce the new @policy scope for composition (#​2818)

    Note that this directive will only be fully supported by the Apollo Router as a GraphOS Enterprise feature at runtime. Also note that composition of valid @policy directive applications will succeed, but the resulting supergraph will not be executable by the Gateway or an Apollo Router which doesn't have the GraphOS Enterprise entitlement.

    Users may now compose @policy applications from their subgraphs into a supergraph.

    The directive is defined as follows:

    scalar federation__Policy

directive @policy(
  policies: [[federation__Policy!]!]!
) on FIELD_DEFINITION | OBJECT | INTERFACE | SCALAR | ENUM

    The Policy scalar is effectively a String, similar to the FieldSet type.

    In order to compose your @policy usages, you must update your subgraph's federation spec version to v2.6 and add the @policy import to your existing imports like so:

    @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.6", import: [..., "@policy"])

  • Add graphql.operation.name attribute on gateway.plan span (#​2807)

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v2.5.7

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v2.5.6

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v2.5.5

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  • Fix specific case for requesting __typename on interface entity type (#​2775)

    In certain cases, when resolving a __typename on an interface entity (due to it actual being requested in the operation), that fetch group could previously be trimmed / treated as useless. At a glance, it appears to be a redundant step, i.e.:

    { ... on Product { __typename id }} => { ... on Product { __typename} }

    It's actually necessary to preserve this in the case that we're coming from an interface object to an (entity) interface so that we can resolve the concrete __typename correctly.

  • Don't preserve useless fetches which downgrade __typename from a concrete type back to its interface type. (#​2778)

    In certain cases, the query planner was preserving some fetches which were "useless" that would rewrite **typename from its already-resolved concrete type back to its interface type. This could result in (at least) requested fields being "filtered" from the final result due to the interface's **typename in the data where the concrete type's __typename was expected.

    Specifically, the solution was compute the path between newly created groups and their parents when we know that it's trivial ([]). Further along in the planning process, this allows to actually remove the known-useless group.

  • Propagate type information when renaming entity fields (#​2776)

    Aliased entity fields might have been incorrectly overwritten if multiple fields/aliases shared the same name. Query planner automatically renames conflicting fields to ensure we can always generate a valid GraphQL query. The underlying issue was that this key rewriting logic was assuming the same type of an object. In case of entity queries asking for those aliased fields, we ended up always attempting to apply field renaming logic regardless, whether or not a given entity was of the correct type. This fix ensures that the query planner logic correctly accounts for the object type when applying field renaming logic.

  • Updated dependencies [66d7e4ce, a37bbbf6]:

v2.5.4

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Patch Changes

  • Adds header to change the format of exposed query plans, and allows formatting it as json. (#​2724)

    When the gateway is configured to allow it, adding the Apollo-Query-Plan-Experimental header to a request already allowed a "prettified" text version of the query plan used for the query is returned in the response extension. This changes adds support for a new (optional) accompanying header, Apollo-Query-Plan-Experimental-Format, which can be set to the value "internal" to have the query plan returned as a json object (that correspond to the internal representation of that query plan) instead of the text version otherwise sent. Note that if that new header is not provided, then the query plan continues to be send in the previous prettified text version.

  • Fix some potentially incorrect query plans with @requires when some dependencies are involved. (#​2726)

    In some rare case of @requires, an over-eager optimisation was incorrectly considering that
    a dependency between 2 subgraph fetches was unnecessary, leading to doing 2 subgraphs queries
    in parallel when those should be done sequentially (because the 2nd query rely on results
    from the 1st one). This effectively resulted in the required fields not being provided (the
    consequence of which depends a bit on the resolver detail, but if the resolver expected
    the required fields to be populated (as they should), then this could typically result
    in a message of the form GraphQLError: Cannot read properties of null).

  • Updated dependencies [203b0a44]:

v2.5.3

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