fix(inspector): complete Node 26 promise API parity

[TheHypnoo]

Summary

Completes Node.js 26.5.0 parity for node:inspector/promises on top of the inspector core in #7090.

Changes

• Implement Promise Session validation, lifecycle, post behavior, and disconnect rejection semantics.
• Preserve native module exports, identities, descriptors, and the shared inspector backend required by the Promise wrapper.
• Route constructor and promise-specific dispatch behavior through the existing inspector implementation.

Related issue

Closes #6773

Depends on #7090.

Test plan

• ./run_parity_tests.sh --suite node-suite --module inspector-promises
  • 30 PASS, 0 FAIL, 0 COMPILE_FAIL, 0 crash, 0 NODE_FAIL, 0 SKIP
• cargo build --release through the parity gate
• cargo test --workspace not run (explicit task constraint)
• No fixture, runner, skip, timeout, or .atl files changed

Screenshots / output

Not applicable.

Checklist

• I have NOT bumped the workspace version or edited CLAUDE.md / CHANGELOG.md
• My commits follow the fix: convention
• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md and agree to the Code of Conduct

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