From ce997c2e27230bfea19921b5b34d9495e61c57e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergey Miryanov <sergey.miryanov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 19:22:10 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Untrack tuples from _PyTuple_Concat and _PyTuple_Repeat

- both used in flowgraph optimizations
---
 Objects/tupleobject.c | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Objects/tupleobject.c b/Objects/tupleobject.c
index bb5e18cb790acf0..bac836457422dfa 100644
--- a/Objects/tupleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/tupleobject.c
@@ -593,7 +593,10 @@ _PyTuple_Concat(PyObject *aa, PyObject *bb)
         dest[i] = Py_NewRef(v);
     }
 
-    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(np);
+    if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(aa) || _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(bb))
+    {
+        _PyObject_GC_TRACK(np);
+    }
     return (PyObject *)np;
 }
 
@@ -642,7 +645,10 @@ _PyTuple_Repeat(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
         _Py_memory_repeat((char *)np->ob_item, sizeof(PyObject *)*output_size,
                           sizeof(PyObject *)*input_size);
     }
-    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(np);
+    if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(self))
+    {
+        _PyObject_GC_TRACK(np);
+    }
     return (PyObject *) np;
 }
 

From 5064e616b1b58a6a4ae3b58c7469158b0d267923 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergey Miryanov <sergey.miryanov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 19:23:28 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Untrack from flowgraph optimizer

---
 Python/flowgraph.c | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Python/flowgraph.c b/Python/flowgraph.c
index a5138d1a1fa2846..be56dd0bce14f6e 100644
--- a/Python/flowgraph.c
+++ b/Python/flowgraph.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // OPCODE_HAS_ARG, etc
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"         // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 #include "pycore_stackref.h"        // PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow()
+#include "pycore_tuple.h"           // _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack()
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
@@ -1563,6 +1564,7 @@ fold_tuple_of_constants(basicblock *bb, int i, PyObject *consts,
         }
         PyTuple_SET_ITEM(const_tuple, i, element);
     }
+    _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(const_tuple);
 
     nop_out(const_instrs, seq_size);
     return instr_make_load_const(instr, const_tuple, consts, const_cache, consts_index);
@@ -1650,6 +1652,7 @@ fold_constant_seq_into_load_const(basicblock *bb, int i,
                 }
                 nop_out(&instr, 1);
             }
+            _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(newconst);
             assert(consts_found == 0);
 
             if (build_op == BUILD_SET) {
@@ -1737,6 +1740,7 @@ optimize_lists_and_sets(basicblock *bb, int i, int nextop,
         }
         PyTuple_SET_ITEM(const_result, i, element);
     }
+    _PyTuple_MaybeUntrack(const_result);
 
     if (instr->i_opcode == BUILD_SET) {
         PyObject *frozenset = PyFrozenSet_New(const_result);

From cbf8feddcc59e6bc7e436305029d4e925eb24576 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergey Miryanov <sergey.miryanov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 19:23:41 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Add tests

---
 Lib/test/test_tuple.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tuple.py b/Lib/test/test_tuple.py
index e533392b8cae94a..6564fa04f1bcbe2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tuple.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tuple.py
@@ -319,10 +319,15 @@ def test_track_literals(self):
         self._not_tracked_instantly((1,))
         self._not_tracked_instantly((1, 2))
         self._not_tracked_instantly((1, 2, "a"))
-        self._not_tracked_instantly((1, 2) * 5)
         self._not_tracked_instantly((12, 10**10, 'a_' * 100))
         self._not_tracked_instantly((object(),))
 
+        # Test for _PyTuple_Concat
+        self._not_tracked_instantly((1, 2) + (2, 3))
+
+        # Test for _PyTuple_Repeat
+        self._not_tracked_instantly((1, 2) * 5)
+
         self._not_tracked(((1, x), y, (2, 3)))
         self._not_tracked((1, 2, (None, True, False, ()), int))
         self._not_tracked((object(), ()))

From fee31fe55740e000871109f78e66c46638c1ca5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergey Miryanov <sergey.miryanov@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2026 19:29:03 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Add news

---
 .../2026-08-26-19-28-49.gh-issue-155728.LJIPeZ.rst              | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-26-19-28-49.gh-issue-155728.LJIPeZ.rst

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-26-19-28-49.gh-issue-155728.LJIPeZ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-26-19-28-49.gh-issue-155728.LJIPeZ.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..5ef398285f6f37d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-26-19-28-49.gh-issue-155728.LJIPeZ.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The flowgraph optimizer now untracks tuples from the GC when possible. Patch
+by Sergey Miryanov.