diff --git a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Formatter.java b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Formatter.java
index 00952cd69..2f702a474 100644
--- a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Formatter.java
+++ b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Formatter.java
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public ImmutableList<Replacement> getFormatReplacements(String input, Collection
         // 'de-linting' changes (e.g. import ordering).
         javaInput = ModifierOrderer.reorderModifiers(javaInput, characterRanges);
 
-        JavaCommentsHelper commentsHelper = new JavaCommentsHelper(javaInput.getLineSeparator(), options);
+        JavaCommentsHelper commentsHelper = new JavaCommentsHelper(javaInput, options);
         JavaOutput javaOutput;
         try {
             javaOutput = format(javaInput, options, commentsHelper, debugMode);
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JavaCommentsHelper.java b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JavaCommentsHelper.java
index 7cac97a7a..5f4419a76 100644
--- a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JavaCommentsHelper.java
+++ b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JavaCommentsHelper.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package com.palantir.javaformat.java;
 
 import com.google.common.base.CharMatcher;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.palantir.javaformat.CommentsHelper;
 import com.palantir.javaformat.Input.Tok;
 import com.palantir.javaformat.Newlines;
@@ -32,12 +33,16 @@ public final class JavaCommentsHelper implements CommentsHelper {
     private final String lineSeparator;
     private final JavaFormatterOptions options;
 
+    /** Comments are numbered along with tokens, so the comments before the first line of code have smaller indices. */
+    private final int firstTokenIndex;
+
     @Nullable
     private final JavadocFormatter javadocFormatter;
 
-    public JavaCommentsHelper(String lineSeparator, JavaFormatterOptions options) {
-        this.lineSeparator = lineSeparator;
+    public JavaCommentsHelper(JavaInput javaInput, JavaFormatterOptions options) {
+        this.lineSeparator = javaInput.getLineSeparator();
         this.options = options;
+        this.firstTokenIndex = javaInput.getTokens().get(0).getTok().getIndex();
         this.javadocFormatter = options.formatJavadoc() ? new JavadocFormatter(options.maxLineLength()) : null;
     }
 
@@ -56,6 +61,9 @@ public String rewrite(Tok tok, int maxWidth, int column0) {
             lines.add(CharMatcher.whitespace().trimTrailingFrom(it.next()));
         }
         if (tok.isSlashSlashComment()) {
+            if (isJBangHeaderLine(tok)) {
+                return lines.get(0);
+            }
             return indentLineComments(lines, column0);
         } else if (javadocShaped(lines)) {
             return indentJavadoc(lines, column0);
@@ -108,6 +116,57 @@ private String indentLineComments(List<String> lines, int column0) {
         return builder.toString();
     }
 
+    // JBang reads the directives of a script, such as `//DEPS info.picocli:picocli:4.7.6`, from the line comments
+    // before its first line of code, and a shell runs the first line, `///usr/bin/env jbang "$0" "$@" ; exit $?`, when
+    // the file is executed. A space after the slashes or a wrapped line breaks both, so these lines stay as written.
+    // https://www.jbang.dev/documentation/jbang/latest/script-directives.html
+    private boolean isJBangHeaderLine(Tok tok) {
+        if (tok.getIndex() >= firstTokenIndex) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String text = tok.getOriginalText();
+        boolean firstLine = tok.getIndex() == 0;
+        return isJBangDirective(text)
+                || (firstLine && SHELL_COMMAND.matcher(text).lookingAt());
+    }
+
+    // The directive names JBang knows, from dev.jbang.source.parser.Directives.Names.
+    private static final ImmutableSet<String> JBANG_DIRECTIVE_NAMES = ImmutableSet.of(
+            "CDS",
+            "COMPILE_OPTIONS",
+            "DEPS",
+            "DESCRIPTION",
+            "DOCS",
+            "FILES",
+            "GAV",
+            "GROOVY",
+            "JAVA",
+            "JAVAAGENT",
+            "JAVAC_OPTIONS",
+            "JAVA_OPTIONS",
+            "KOTLIN",
+            "MAIN",
+            "MANIFEST",
+            "MODULE",
+            "NATIVE_OPTIONS",
+            "NOINTEGRATIONS",
+            "PREVIEW",
+            "REPOS",
+            "RUNTIME_OPTIONS",
+            "SOURCES");
+
+    // JBang's syntax: the name right after the slashes, then whitespace or the end of the line. A name with a prefix,
+    // such as Quarkus's `//Q:CONFIG`, belongs to a build integration, so it is kept whatever follows the prefix.
+    private static final Pattern JBANG_DIRECTIVE = Pattern.compile("//([A-Z]+:)?([A-Z_]+)(?=\\s|$)");
+
+    // A line comment whose first word is a path: the command a shell runs.
+    private static final Pattern SHELL_COMMAND = Pattern.compile("//+[^\\s/]+/");
+
+    private static boolean isJBangDirective(String text) {
+        Matcher matcher = JBANG_DIRECTIVE.matcher(text);
+        return matcher.lookingAt() && (matcher.group(1) != null || JBANG_DIRECTIVE_NAMES.contains(matcher.group(2)));
+    }
+
     // Preserve special `//noinspection` and `//$NON-NLS-x$` comments used by IDEs, which cannot
     // contain leading spaces.
     private static final Pattern LINE_COMMENT_MISSING_SPACE_PREFIX =
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/FileBasedTests.java b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/FileBasedTests.java
index 026265920..4f876343b 100644
--- a/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/FileBasedTests.java
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/FileBasedTests.java
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ public final class FileBasedTests {
                             "UnnamedPattern",
                             "CompactSource",
                             "MarkdownDoc",
-                            "FlexibleConstructor")
+                            "FlexibleConstructor",
+                            "ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source")
                     .putAll(23, "ModuleImport")
                     .build();
 
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JBangDirectivesTest.java b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JBangDirectivesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c49d6323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/JBangDirectivesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * (c) Copyright 2026 Palantir Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.palantir.javaformat.java;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import com.palantir.javaformat.java.JavaFormatterOptions.Style;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.parallel.Execution;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.parallel.ExecutionMode;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+/**
+ * JBang reads its directives from the line comments before the first line of code, and a shell runs the first line of
+ * a script, so those lines are left exactly as written. The goldens {@code ojf-issue-24-jbang-*} show whole scripts,
+ * with the same directives after the first line of code formatted like any other comment.
+ */
+@Execution(ExecutionMode.CONCURRENT)
+final class JBangDirectivesTest {
+
+    private static final Formatter FORMATTER = Formatter.createFormatter(
+            JavaFormatterOptions.builder().style(Style.OJF).build());
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(
+            strings = {
+                // Every name JBang knows.
+                "//CDS",
+                "//COMPILE_OPTIONS -Xlint:all",
+                "//DEPS info.picocli:picocli:4.7.6",
+                "//DESCRIPTION Prints a greeting",
+                "//DOCS guide=./readme.md",
+                "//FILES application.properties",
+                "//GAV org.example:hello:1.0",
+                "//GROOVY 3.0.19",
+                "//JAVA 21+",
+                "//JAVAAGENT myagent.jar=option1,option2",
+                "//JAVAC_OPTIONS -parameters",
+                "//JAVA_OPTIONS -Xmx512m",
+                "//KOTLIN 2.0.21",
+                "//MAIN org.example.Hello",
+                "//MANIFEST Built-By=jbang",
+                "//MODULE org.example.hello",
+                "//NATIVE_OPTIONS --no-fallback",
+                "//NOINTEGRATIONS",
+                "//PREVIEW",
+                "//REPOS central,jitpack",
+                "//RUNTIME_OPTIONS -XX:+UseSerialGC",
+                "//SOURCES Helper.java",
+                // A directive for a build integration: Quarkus reads //Q:CONFIG.
+                "//Q:CONFIG quarkus.banner.enabled=false",
+                // What JBang's syntax allows after the name.
+                "//DEPS\tinfo.picocli:picocli:4.7.6",
+                "//DEPS info.picocli:picocli:4.7.6 // parses the command line",
+                "//DEPS org.postgresql:postgresql:${env.DB_VERSION:42.6.0}",
+                "//DEPS",
+                // Longer than the 120 columns at which a line comment is wrapped.
+                "//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2 org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13"
+                        + " com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0",
+            })
+    void keepsDirectiveBeforeFirstLineOfCode(String directive) throws FormatterException {
+        String script = directive + "\n\nclass Hello {}\n";
+        assertThat(FORMATTER.formatSource(script)).isEqualTo(script);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @CsvSource(
+            delimiterString = " => ",
+            value = {
+                // Not a name JBang knows.
+                "//DEPSSS a:b:1 => // DEPSSS a:b:1",
+                "//DEPS_ a:b:1 => // DEPS_ a:b:1",
+                "//TODO pin the versions => // TODO pin the versions",
+                // No whitespace after the name.
+                "//JAVA21+ => // JAVA21+",
+                "//DEPS:a:b:1 => // DEPS:a:b:1",
+                // Directive names are upper case.
+                "//deps a:b:1 => // deps a:b:1",
+                "//Deps a:b:1 => // Deps a:b:1",
+                // Three slashes, as in a Markdown doc comment.
+                "///DEPS a:b:1 => /// DEPS a:b:1",
+                // Switched off on purpose: JBang's own templates list optional dependencies this way.
+                "// DEPS a:b:1 => // DEPS a:b:1",
+                "// //DEPS a:b:1 => // //DEPS a:b:1",
+            })
+    void formatsLookalikeAsOrdinaryComment(String comment, String expected) throws FormatterException {
+        assertThat(FORMATTER.formatSource(comment + "\n\nclass Hello {}\n"))
+                .isEqualTo(expected + "\n\nclass Hello {}\n");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void formatsShellLineAfterFirstLineAsOrdinaryComment() throws FormatterException {
+        // The shell runs the first line of the file only.
+        String script = "/* License */\n///usr/bin/env jbang \"$0\" \"$@\" ; exit $?\nclass Hello {}\n";
+        assertThat(FORMATTER.formatSource(script))
+                .isEqualTo("/* License */\n/// usr/bin/env jbang \"$0\" \"$@\" ; exit $?\nclass Hello {}\n");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void formatsFirstLineThatRunsNoCommandAsOrdinaryComment() throws FormatterException {
+        // The first word is not a path, so the shell would have nothing to run.
+        assertThat(FORMATTER.formatSource("//Hello from JBang\nclass Hello {}\n"))
+                .isEqualTo("// Hello from JBang\nclass Hello {}\n");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.input b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.input
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a229712d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.input
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//usr/bin/env jbang "$0" "$@" ; exit $?
+//JAVA 25+
+//PREVIEW
+//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2
+
+void main() {  IO.println(greeting());
+}
+//DEPS org.example:after-main:1.0
+String greeting() { return "Hello"; }
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.output b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.output
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e66a7385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-compact-source.output
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//usr/bin/env jbang "$0" "$@" ; exit $?
+//JAVA 25+
+//PREVIEW
+//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2
+
+void main() {
+    IO.println(greeting());
+}
+// DEPS org.example:after-main:1.0
+String greeting() {
+    return "Hello";
+}
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.input b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.input
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59337e999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.input
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+///usr/bin/env bash -c 'command -v jbang >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Bootstrapping JBang..." >&2; curl -Ls https://sh.jbang.dev | bash -s - app setup --quiet ; export PATH="$HOME/.jbang/bin:$PATH"; }; exec jbang "$0" "$@"' "$0" "$@"; exit $?
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+ */
+//DESCRIPTION Starts a Quarkus REST service that greets whoever calls it, with the startup banner switched off for scripts
+//CDS
+//DEPS io.quarkus:quarkus-bom:${quarkus.version:3.15.1}@pom
+//DEPS	io.quarkus:quarkus-rest // the JAX-RS endpoints
+//Q:CONFIG quarkus.banner.enabled=false
+package org.example;
+//SOURCES model/Greeting.java
+
+import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
+
+@Path("/hello")
+public class GreetingResource {
+    @GET public String hello() {
+        return "Hello";   }
+}
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.output b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.output
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff8b80da4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-package.output
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+///usr/bin/env bash -c 'command -v jbang >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "Bootstrapping JBang..." >&2; curl -Ls https://sh.jbang.dev | bash -s - app setup --quiet ; export PATH="$HOME/.jbang/bin:$PATH"; }; exec jbang "$0" "$@"' "$0" "$@"; exit $?
+/*
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+ */
+//DESCRIPTION Starts a Quarkus REST service that greets whoever calls it, with the startup banner switched off for scripts
+//CDS
+//DEPS io.quarkus:quarkus-bom:${quarkus.version:3.15.1}@pom
+//DEPS	io.quarkus:quarkus-rest // the JAX-RS endpoints
+//Q:CONFIG quarkus.banner.enabled=false
+package org.example;
+// SOURCES model/Greeting.java
+
+import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
+
+@Path("/hello")
+public class GreetingResource {
+    @GET
+    public String hello() {
+        return "Hello";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.input b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.input
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42d2a3049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.input
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+///usr/bin/env jbang "$0" "$@" ; exit $?
+//JAVA 21+
+//DEPS info.picocli:picocli:4.7.6
+//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2 org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13 com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0 org.jsoup:jsoup:1.18.1
+//JAVA_OPTIONS -Xmx512m
+//TODO pin these versions in a BOM
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+//SOURCES Helper.java
+import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
+//RUNTIME_OPTIONS --enable-preview
+@Command(name = "hello",   mixinStandardHelpOptions = true)
+class hello implements Runnable {
+//DEPS org.example:in-class:1.0
+    public void run() {System.out.println("Hello"); //DEPS org.example:trailing:1.0
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String... args) { System.exit(new CommandLine(new hello()).execute(args)); }
+}
+//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2 org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13 com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0 org.jsoup:jsoup:1.18.1
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.output b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.output
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26950cb7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/resources/com/palantir/javaformat/java/testdata/ojf-issue-24-jbang-script.output
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+///usr/bin/env jbang "$0" "$@" ; exit $?
+//JAVA 21+
+//DEPS info.picocli:picocli:4.7.6
+//DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2 org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13 com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0 org.jsoup:jsoup:1.18.1
+//JAVA_OPTIONS -Xmx512m
+// TODO pin these versions in a BOM
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+// SOURCES Helper.java
+import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
+// RUNTIME_OPTIONS --enable-preview
+@Command(name = "hello", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true)
+class hello implements Runnable {
+    // DEPS org.example:in-class:1.0
+    public void run() {
+        System.out.println("Hello"); // DEPS org.example:trailing:1.0
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String... args) {
+        System.exit(new CommandLine(new hello()).execute(args));
+    }
+}
+// DEPS com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.17.2 org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13
+// com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0 org.jsoup:jsoup:1.18.1