diff --git a/.changeset/draftbar-es-register-3844.md b/.changeset/draftbar-es-register-3844.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8de293522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/draftbar-es-register-3844.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+'@object-ui/i18n': patch
+---
+
+`preview.draftBar` speaks one second person in `es` — the draft-preview banner no
+longer switches from tú to usted when a Spanish user publishes (#3844)
+
+`DraftPreviewBar` renders two mutually exclusive sentences in the same strip of
+the same banner: `message` while there are unpublished changes, `messageClean`
+once there are none. In `es` the two disagreed on register — `message` was tú
+(`estás viendo`, `publiques`) while `messageClean` (`ve`) and `sampleDataBody`
+(`Está`, `su`, `Publíquela`) were usted. So a Spanish user who pressed Publish
+watched the banner change person: same component, same position, same session.
+
+This is a third defect class in the value-domain blind spot behind #3582 and
+#3625, and no gate in the repo can see it. Both `es` values are correct
+translations of their `en` sentences — nothing is missing, nothing is stale, and
+nothing holds English. The inconsistency is *internal to one pack, on one UI
+surface*: `scripts/check-i18n-call-site-keys.mjs` only asks whether a key exists
+in `en`, `all-locales-key-parity` compares key sets and placeholder shapes and
+never reads values, and `scripts/check-i18n-en-drift.mjs` only fires when an `en`
+value moves — these two `en` values never moved.
+
+`message` is the value that changes, because usted is what the pack already says
+everywhere around it: the `es` pack censuses 102 usted markers to 30 tú (tú being
+the marked exception, concentrated in the auth, report-editor and organizations
+neighbourhoods that #3546 slice two deliberately ruled informal); the other three
+strings of this same object were already usted; and #3546 slice five gave the 19
+new `preview.unpublishedBar.*` / `preview.history.*` keys usted on the strength
+of `home.pendingDrafts.published` ("¡Publicado! Sus cambios están activos."). Two
+smaller divergences inside the same sentence are closed with it, so the banner's
+two halves stop disagreeing about wording as well as person:
+
+- **`—` instead of `:`** in `messageClean`, matching `en`, where both sentences
+  open `Draft preview — `. That is the whole of `messageClean`'s diff.
+- **`activo` instead of `en producción`** for "live". The pack spells this concept
+  `activo` in four neighbouring places including `publishCta` in this very object
+  ("Publicar para verlo activo"), and it reserves *producción* for the actual
+  production environment (`environment.entitlement.planLockedBody`), so the
+  outlier was ambiguous as well as inconsistent.
+- **`Vista previa del borrador`** as the shared opening, `del` being the form
+  `messageClean` already used.
+
+No `en` value changes (the en-drift gate reports 0), no key is added or removed
+(so `all-locales-key-parity` is untouched by construction), and the nine other
+packs are not touched. The diff is two values in one file.
+
+Re-voicing the whole `preview` namespace to tú was considered and rejected — a
+much larger change that would collide with the adjacent `marketplace.*` (9:0
+usted) and `console.ai.*`. `preview.empty.notReadyDescription` therefore stays tú
+here, since #3844's ruling is this banner only; it is filed as #3875 rather than
+waved through, because `PreviewDraftEmptyState` renders *underneath*
+`DraftPreviewBar` and so those two show usted and tú on screen at the same time.
+After this change the `preview` namespace is 23 usted to that 1 tú.
+
+A gate that checks "one register per namespace" is deliberately **not** here:
+recognising usted vs tú needs real morphology, and token matching demonstrably
+cannot — in this pack the token `revisa` is usted in `console.ai.empty.build`
+(es.ts:1365, "…y usted revisa y publica.") and tú in
+`auth.forgotPassword.successTitle` (es.ts:1918, "Revisa tu correo electrónico"),
+the same eight letters in opposite registers. The neighbourhood boundary such a
+gate would police is human judgement anyway — #3546 slice two's "same rule,
+different answer". A new `draftBar-es-register-3844.test.ts` pins the four `es`
+values byte for byte instead, plus the `en` literals, so a future reword of
+either `en` sentence fails in the same PR that reworded it.
diff --git a/packages/i18n/src/__tests__/draftBar-es-register-3844.test.ts b/packages/i18n/src/__tests__/draftBar-es-register-3844.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..439f00a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/i18n/src/__tests__/draftBar-es-register-3844.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/**
+ * `preview.draftBar` speaks ONE second person in `es` — usted (objectui#3844).
+ *
+ * ## The defect this pins
+ *
+ * `DraftPreviewBar` renders two mutually exclusive sentences in the same strip
+ * of the same banner: `message` when there are unpublished changes,
+ * `messageClean` when there are none. In `es` the two disagreed on register —
+ * `message` was tú (`estás viendo`, `publiques`) while `messageClean` (`ve`)
+ * and `sampleDataBody` (`Está`, `su`, `Publíquela`) were usted. A Spanish user
+ * who pressed Publish watched the banner switch from tú to usted: same
+ * component, same position, same session.
+ *
+ * ## Why usted is the answer here (the ruling, not a preference)
+ *
+ * Three independent readings, all measured rather than guessed:
+ *
+ *   1. **Pack default.** The `es` pack censuses 102 usted markers against 30
+ *      tú. tú is the marked exception, concentrated in auth sign-in/sign-up,
+ *      the report editor and organizations — neighbourhoods objectui#3546
+ *      slice two deliberately ruled informal. `preview` is not one of them.
+ *   2. **Same banner, same voice.** The other two strings of this very object
+ *      (`messageClean`, `sampleDataBody`) were already usted, and so is
+ *      `publishCta`. Aligning the one outlier is a strictly smaller change
+ *      than re-voicing the namespace, and it is the change that removes the
+ *      user-visible switch.
+ *   3. **The sister banner.** objectui#3546 slice five gave the 19 new
+ *      `preview.unpublishedBar.*` / `preview.history.*` keys usted, on the
+ *      strength of `home.pendingDrafts.published` ("¡Publicado! Sus cambios
+ *      están activos."), the structural twin of
+ *      `preview.unpublishedBar.published`. Leaving `draftBar.message` tú would
+ *      have made the older banner disagree with its freshly-translated sister.
+ *
+ * Direction B (re-voicing all of `preview` to tú) was rejected: it is a much
+ * larger change and would collide with the adjacent `marketplace.*` (9:0
+ * usted) and `console.ai.*`.
+ *
+ * ## What this file deliberately does NOT do
+ *
+ * **No morphological register detection.** objectui#3844 evaluated a gate that
+ * checks "one register per namespace" and argued it down. Recognising usted vs
+ * tú needs real morphology, and token matching demonstrably cannot: in this
+ * very pack the token `revisa` is **usted** in `console.ai.empty.build`
+ * (es.ts:1365, "…y usted revisa y publica.", present indicative with an
+ * explicit `usted`) and **tú** in `auth.forgotPassword.successTitle`
+ * (es.ts:1918, "Revisa tu correo electrónico", imperative). Same eight
+ * letters, opposite registers, and no regex over the string can tell them
+ * apart. The reverse error is just as easy: third-person and impersonal forms
+ * read as usted markers — a crude `puede|su|…` scan over `approvalsInbox`
+ * returns five "usted" hits that are all about *el solicitante* or are
+ * impersonal ("No se puede determinar la identidad"), in a namespace whose
+ * second-person address is in fact uniformly tú (nine strings). objectui#3844
+ * recorded this hazard as "the census regex miscounted `Revisa`"; the
+ * measurement above is the precise version — the miscount is the usted
+ * indicative at :1365, not an imperative. Worse, the boundary such a gate
+ * would police — which neighbourhood is informal — is human judgement (slice
+ * two's "same rule, different answer" precedent), so a gate could only ever
+ * check consistency *within* a boundary it cannot draw.
+ * This file therefore pins **these four literal values, byte for byte**, and
+ * generalises to nothing. The retired-spelling checks below are exact
+ * substrings lifted from the pre-fix value of this one key — the same
+ * technique as `viewReadonlyTooltip-semantics-3625.test.ts` — not a register
+ * rule in disguise.
+ *
+ * Scope note: `preview.empty.notReadyDescription` (es.ts:3286, `Revisa`) is
+ * still tú and is left that way here, because re-voicing the namespace is the
+ * rejected direction B and objectui#3844's ruling is this banner only. It is
+ * **not** harmless, and this file does not pin it: `PreviewDraftEmptyState`
+ * (`AppContent.tsx`, returned while `previewDrafts` and the app is not yet
+ * staged) renders in the content area *underneath* `DraftPreviewBar`
+ * (`ConsoleLayout.tsx`), so those two are on screen at the SAME time — usted in
+ * the bar, tú in the pane below it. That is sharper than objectui#3844's own
+ * sequential switch and is filed separately as objectui#3875. After this change
+ * the `preview` namespace is 23 usted to that 1 tú.
+ *
+ * Related: objectui#3546 (slice five measured this while ruling es register),
+ * objectui#3810 / objectui#3582 / objectui#3625 (the other value-domain blind
+ * spots), objectui#3530 (call-site gate), objectui#3650 (en-drift gate). None
+ * of the three i18n gates can see this defect: the call-site gate only asks
+ * whether a key exists in `en`, `all-locales-key-parity` compares key names
+ * and placeholder shapes and never reads values, and the en-drift gate only
+ * fires when an `en` value moves — these two `en` values never moved.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { builtInLocales } from '../locales';
+
+type Bag = Record<string, any>;
+const draftBar = (lang: string) => (builtInLocales[lang] as Bag)?.preview?.draftBar as Bag;
+const at = (lang: string, key: string) => draftBar(lang)?.[key] as string;
+
+/** The four `es` values this file owns, at their post-objectui#3844 final bytes. */
+const ES_FINAL = {
+  message:
+    'Vista previa del borrador — está viendo cambios sin publicar. Nada de lo que ve aquí está activo hasta que publique.',
+  messageClean:
+    'Vista previa del borrador — no hay cambios sin publicar; todo lo que ve aquí ya está activo.',
+  sampleDataBody:
+    'Está viendo la estructura de su aplicación. Publíquela para cargar registros de ejemplo y activarla.',
+  publishCta: 'Publicar para verlo activo',
+} as const;
+
+/** `en`'s current wording. If either moves, the `es` pins above must be revisited. */
+const EN_CURRENT = {
+  message: 'Draft preview — you are seeing unpublished changes. Nothing here is live until you publish.',
+  messageClean: 'Draft preview — no unpublished changes; everything here is already live.',
+} as const;
+
+/**
+ * Exact substrings the pre-fix `es` value held, scoped to this key. Each names
+ * one sub-change of the fix, so a red points at which one came back:
+ *   - the tú morphology (`estás viendo`, `publiques`);
+ *   - `en producción` for "live", which the pack spells `activo` (see
+ *     `publishCta` in this same object, `home.pendingDrafts.published`) and
+ *     which additionally collides with the pack's *production environment*
+ *     sense in `environment.entitlement.planLockedBody`;
+ *   - `Vista previa de borrador`, the prefix that differed from
+ *     `messageClean`'s `Vista previa del borrador` so the banner's two halves
+ *     opened with different words where `en`'s both open "Draft preview — ".
+ */
+const RETIRED_SPELLINGS = [
+  'estás viendo',
+  'publiques',
+  'en producción',
+  'Vista previa de borrador',
+] as const;
+
+const EM_DASH = '—';
+const BANNER_PREFIX = `Vista previa del borrador ${EM_DASH} `;
+
+describe('preview.draftBar es register (objectui#3844)', () => {
+  it('the keys this file pins are present and non-empty', () => {
+    // Anti-empty-green: every assertion below reads one of these four values,
+    // and a renamed or dropped key would otherwise let the negative checks
+    // pass on `undefined`.
+    for (const key of Object.keys(ES_FINAL)) {
+      const value = at('es', key);
+      expect(typeof value, `es preview.draftBar.${key}`).toBe('string');
+      expect(value.trim().length, `es preview.draftBar.${key} is empty`).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(EN_CURRENT)) {
+      expect(typeof at('en', key), `en preview.draftBar.${key}`).toBe('string');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it.each(Object.entries(ES_FINAL))('es preview.draftBar.%s is exactly the ruled value', (key, expected) => {
+    // THE assertion. Byte-exact on purpose: register lives in individual
+    // morphemes (está vs estás, publique vs publiques), so a substring or
+    // regex check would let a partial re-edit through.
+    expect(at('es', key)).toBe(expected);
+  });
+
+  it('no retired spelling of the tú/en-producción wording is back', () => {
+    // Red before the fix on `message` for three of these four literals; kept
+    // as the named tripwire so a future re-edit that reintroduces one fails
+    // with the offending literal in the message rather than as an opaque
+    // byte diff.
+    for (const key of Object.keys(ES_FINAL)) {
+      const value = at('es', key);
+      for (const retired of RETIRED_SPELLINGS) {
+        expect(value.includes(retired), `es preview.draftBar.${key} reintroduced "${retired}"`).toBe(
+          false,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('both halves of the banner open with the same words and the same em-dash', () => {
+    // The structural half of the fix, stated as its own claim: `en` opens both
+    // sentences "Draft preview — ", so `es` must open both identically too.
+    // `messageClean` used to separate with a colon, which made the banner
+    // change punctuation as well as person when the user published.
+    expect(at('es', 'message').startsWith(BANNER_PREFIX)).toBe(true);
+    expect(at('es', 'messageClean').startsWith(BANNER_PREFIX)).toBe(true);
+    expect(at('es', 'messageClean')).not.toContain('borrador:');
+    for (const key of ['message', 'messageClean']) {
+      expect(at('en', key).startsWith(`Draft preview ${EM_DASH} `), `en ${key} prefix`).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('all four values spell "live" with the pack\'s own word', () => {
+    // "Same concept, same word" — the stem covers `activo` (message,
+    // messageClean, publishCta) and `activarla` (sampleDataBody). Paired with
+    // the `en producción` literal above: this side proves the replacement is
+    // present, that side proves the outlier is gone.
+    for (const key of Object.keys(ES_FINAL)) {
+      expect(at('es', key), `es preview.draftBar.${key} lost the pack's word for "live"`).toContain(
+        'activ',
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('en still says what the es values were translated against', () => {
+    // objectui#3650's gate only fires when an `en` value changes, and it asks
+    // the nine packs to follow — it cannot know this `es` ruling. This line
+    // goes red in the same PR that rewords either `en` sentence, which is what
+    // forces the usted rewrite above to be re-read then.
+    expect(at('en', 'message')).toBe(EN_CURRENT.message);
+    expect(at('en', 'messageClean')).toBe(EN_CURRENT.messageClean);
+  });
+
+  it('es serves neither en sentence verbatim', () => {
+    // The objectui#3582 failure mode (English pasted into a translation pack)
+    // applied to these keys. Green before this fix too — recorded as a guard
+    // against a future paste, not as evidence for objectui#3844.
+    const english = Object.values(EN_CURRENT) as string[];
+    expect(english).not.toContain(at('es', 'message'));
+    expect(english).not.toContain(at('es', 'messageClean'));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/i18n/src/locales/es.ts b/packages/i18n/src/locales/es.ts
index 95f0ff8a2..af7d056eb 100644
--- a/packages/i18n/src/locales/es.ts
+++ b/packages/i18n/src/locales/es.ts
@@ -3288,11 +3288,11 @@ const es = {
       retry: 'Reintentar',
     },
     draftBar: {
-      messageClean: "Vista previa del borrador: no hay cambios sin publicar; todo lo que ve aquí ya está activo.",
+      messageClean: "Vista previa del borrador — no hay cambios sin publicar; todo lo que ve aquí ya está activo.",
       sampleDataTitle: "Los datos de ejemplo aparecen tras publicar",
       sampleDataBody: "Está viendo la estructura de su aplicación. Publíquela para cargar registros de ejemplo y activarla.",
       publishCta: "Publicar para verlo activo",
-      message: 'Vista previa de borrador — estás viendo cambios sin publicar. Nada está en producción hasta que publiques.',
+      message: 'Vista previa del borrador — está viendo cambios sin publicar. Nada de lo que ve aquí está activo hasta que publique.',
       publish: 'Publicar',
       publishing: 'Publicando…',
       exit: 'Salir de la vista previa',