diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_random.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_random.cc
index c80eb2c800ac..79c52a7d08c1 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_random.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_random.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ using ncrypto::BignumPointer;
 using ncrypto::ClearErrorOnReturn;
 using ncrypto::DataPointer;
 using v8::ArrayBuffer;
+using v8::ArrayBufferView;
 using v8::Boolean;
 using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
 using v8::Int32;
@@ -30,6 +31,13 @@ using v8::Value;
 
 namespace crypto {
 namespace {
+bool IsImmutableBufferSource(Local<Value> buffer) {
+  if (buffer->IsArrayBufferView()) {
+    return buffer.As<ArrayBufferView>()->Buffer()->IsImmutable();
+  }
+  return buffer->IsArrayBuffer() && buffer.As<ArrayBuffer>()->IsImmutable();
+}
+
 BignumPointer::PrimeCheckCallback getPrimeCheckCallback(Environment* env) {
   // The callback is used to check if the operation should be stopped.
   // Currently, the only check we perform is if env->is_stopping()
@@ -52,6 +60,13 @@ Maybe<void> RandomBytesTraits::AdditionalConfig(
   CHECK(args[offset + 1]->IsUint32());  // Offset
   CHECK(args[offset + 2]->IsUint32());  // Size
 
+  if (IsImmutableBufferSource(args[offset])) {
+    THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
+        Environment::GetCurrent(args),
+        "The 'buf' argument must not be backed by an immutable ArrayBuffer");
+    return Nothing<void>();
+  }
+
   ArrayBufferOrViewContents<unsigned char> in(args[offset]);
 
   const uint32_t byte_offset = args[offset + 1].As<Uint32>()->Value();
@@ -220,6 +235,12 @@ static void RandomFillSync(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   CHECK(args[1]->IsUint32());         // Offset
   CHECK(args[2]->IsUint32());         // Size
 
+  if (IsImmutableBufferSource(args[0])) {
+    return THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
+        env,
+        "The 'buf' argument must not be backed by an immutable ArrayBuffer");
+  }
+
   ArrayBufferOrViewContents<unsigned char> in(args[0]);
 
   const uint32_t byte_offset = args[1].As<Uint32>()->Value();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-randomfill-immutable.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-randomfill-immutable.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a935651978b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-randomfill-immutable.js
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Flags: --js-immutable-arraybuffer
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+if (typeof ArrayBuffer.prototype.transferToImmutable !== 'function')
+  common.skip('ArrayBuffer.prototype.transferToImmutable is not available');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+
+const bytes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16];
+const expectedError = {
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE',
+  name: 'TypeError',
+  message: "The 'buf' argument must not be backed by an immutable ArrayBuffer",
+};
+
+function immutable() {
+  return Uint8Array.from(bytes).buffer.transferToImmutable();
+}
+
+const factories = [
+  (ab) => ab,
+  (ab) => Buffer.from(ab, 4, 8),
+  (ab) => new Uint8Array(ab, 4, 8),
+  (ab) => new DataView(ab, 4, 8),
+  (ab) => new Uint16Array(ab, 4, 4),
+];
+
+for (const create of factories) {
+  const ab = immutable();
+  const input = create(ab);
+  const length = input.length ?? input.byteLength;
+
+  // Reject full and partial fills, including each callback overload, before
+  // writing to any part of the backing store.
+  for (const args of [[], [1], [1, 1]]) {
+    assert.throws(() => crypto.randomFillSync(input, ...args), expectedError);
+    assert.throws(() => crypto.randomFill(input, ...args, common.mustNotCall()),
+                  expectedError);
+  }
+
+  // Zero-byte fills remain no-ops, including an omitted size at the end.
+  for (const args of [[0, 0], [length]]) {
+    assert.strictEqual(crypto.randomFillSync(input, ...args), input);
+    crypto.randomFill(input, ...args, common.mustSucceed((result) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(result, input);
+    }));
+  }
+  assert.strictEqual(ab.immutable, true);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual([...new Uint8Array(ab)], bytes);
+}
+
+// Shared backing stores, including those accessed through views, remain writable.
+for (const create of factories) {
+  const input = create(new SharedArrayBuffer(16));
+  assert.strictEqual(crypto.randomFillSync(input), input);
+  crypto.randomFill(input, common.mustSucceed((result) => {
+    assert.strictEqual(result, input);
+  }));
+}
+for (const api of [crypto, globalThis.crypto]) {
+  const ab = immutable();
+  for (const input of [
+    Buffer.from(ab, 4, 8),
+    new Uint8Array(ab, 4, 8),
+    new Uint16Array(ab, 4, 4),
+  ]) {
+    assert.throws(() => api.getRandomValues(input), expectedError);
+  }
+  assert.strictEqual(ab.immutable, true);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual([...new Uint8Array(ab)], bytes);
+}
+
+// Empty immutable buffers and views do not require a writable backing store.
+{
+  const ab = new ArrayBuffer(0).transferToImmutable();
+  for (const input of [ab, Buffer.from(ab), new Uint8Array(ab),
+                       new DataView(ab), new Uint16Array(ab)]) {
+    assert.strictEqual(crypto.randomFillSync(input), input);
+    crypto.randomFill(input, common.mustSucceed((result) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(result, input);
+    }));
+  }
+  for (const api of [crypto, globalThis.crypto]) {
+    for (const input of [Buffer.from(ab), new Uint8Array(ab)]) {
+      assert.strictEqual(api.getRandomValues(input), input);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Inspect the real backing store, regardless of shadowed public properties.
+{
+  const ab = immutable();
+  const input = new Uint8Array(ab, 4, 8);
+  Object.defineProperty(ab, 'immutable', { value: false });
+  Object.defineProperties(input, {
+    buffer: { value: new ArrayBuffer(ab.byteLength) },
+    immutable: { value: false },
+  });
+  assert.throws(() => crypto.randomFillSync(input), expectedError);
+  assert.throws(() => crypto.randomFill(input, common.mustNotCall()),
+                expectedError);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual([...new Uint8Array(ab)], bytes);
+}