diff --git a/tsc/internal/checker/checker.go b/tsc/internal/checker/checker.go
index 3dded52a4d450..29fe9d76fd835 100644
--- a/tsc/internal/checker/checker.go
+++ b/tsc/internal/checker/checker.go
@@ -19668,24 +19668,37 @@ func (c *Checker) getMemberLayoutKey(t *Type, baseTypes []*Type) CacheHashKey {
 }
 
 func (c *Checker) createMemberLayout(t *Type, baseTypes []*Type) *MemberLayout {
-	// Reuse c.layoutMemberInfos to avoid repeated allocations
-	layoutMemberInfos := c.layoutMemberInfos
+	// Reuse c.layoutMemberInfos to avoid repeated allocations. The map records names already
+	// placed so a later base cannot override an earlier declaration.
+	seen := c.layoutMemberInfos
 	c.layoutMemberInfos = nil
+	memberInfos := make([]MemberInfo, 0)
 	addMember := func(symbol *ast.Symbol, baseIndex int) {
-		if _, ok := layoutMemberInfos[symbol.Name()]; !ok {
-			if layoutMemberInfos == nil {
-				layoutMemberInfos = make(map[string]MemberInfo)
-			}
-			layoutMemberInfos[symbol.Name()] = MemberInfo{symbol: symbol, baseIndex: int32(baseIndex)}
+		if _, ok := seen[symbol.Name()]; ok {
+			return
 		}
+		if seen == nil {
+			seen = make(map[string]MemberInfo)
+		}
+		info := MemberInfo{symbol: symbol, baseIndex: int32(baseIndex)}
+		seen[symbol.Name()] = info
+		memberInfos = append(memberInfos, info)
 	}
-	// Add declared members
+	// Declared members come first. Variance measurement stops at the first failing member,
+	// and declared members are the ones most likely to carry the structural difference.
 	for id, symbol := range t.AsInterfaceType().declaredMembers.All() {
 		if c.isNamedMember(symbol, id) {
 			addMember(symbol, -1)
 		}
 	}
-	// Add inherited members
+	declaredCount := len(memberInfos)
+	slices.SortFunc(memberInfos[:declaredCount], func(a, b MemberInfo) int {
+		return c.compareSymbols(a.symbol, b.symbol)
+	})
+	// Inherited members follow in base-clause order, and within a base in that base's order.
+	// Sorting them by declaration position pulls a grandbase member ahead of the base's own
+	// members, so an empty subtype is measured differently from its base.
+	// See https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/65052.
 	for baseIndex, baseType := range baseTypes {
 		if baseType.objectFlags&(ObjectFlagsReference|ObjectFlagsClassOrInterface) != 0 {
 			c.resolveStructuredTypeMembers(baseType)
@@ -19702,20 +19715,9 @@ func (c *Checker) createMemberLayout(t *Type, baseTypes []*Type) *MemberLayout {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	memberInfos := slices.AppendSeq(make([]MemberInfo, 0, len(layoutMemberInfos)), maps.Values(layoutMemberInfos))
-	clear(layoutMemberInfos)
-	c.layoutMemberInfos = layoutMemberInfos
-	// Sort by symbols, but put declared members (baseIndex < 0) first
-	slices.SortFunc(memberInfos, func(a, b MemberInfo) int {
-		if a.baseIndex < 0 && b.baseIndex >= 0 {
-			return -1
-		}
-		if a.baseIndex >= 0 && b.baseIndex < 0 {
-			return 1
-		}
-		return c.CompareSymbols(a.symbol, b.symbol)
-	})
-	// Store slot indices in the sorted memberInfos and build the memberInfoMap. Slot indices are used to
+	clear(seen)
+	c.layoutMemberInfos = seen
+	// Store slot indices in memberInfos and build the memberInfoMap. Slot indices are used to
 	// identify slots in the instantiated type's properties list.
 	memberInfoMap := make(map[string]*MemberInfo, len(memberInfos))
 	for i := range memberInfos {
diff --git a/tsc/internal/checker/types.go b/tsc/internal/checker/types.go
index acd75f06eb8e8..bb884705ada97 100644
--- a/tsc/internal/checker/types.go
+++ b/tsc/internal/checker/types.go
@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ type LazyState struct {
 type MemberLayout struct {
 	id               uint32                 // Unique identifier for the member layout
 	memberInfoMap    map[string]*MemberInfo // MemberInfos keyed by property name
-	memberInfos      []MemberInfo           // MemberInfos in sorted order
+	memberInfos      []MemberInfo           // Declared members, then inherited members in base order
 	layoutProperties []*ast.Symbol          // Lazily created list of layout properties (symbols corresponding to memberInfos)
 }
 
diff --git a/tsc/internal/fourslash/tests/codeFixClassImplementDeepInheritance_test.go b/tsc/internal/fourslash/tests/codeFixClassImplementDeepInheritance_test.go
index 83828aa4d18e0..32fcb76309257 100644
--- a/tsc/internal/fourslash/tests/codeFixClassImplementDeepInheritance_test.go
+++ b/tsc/internal/fourslash/tests/codeFixClassImplementDeepInheritance_test.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ interface I6 extends C4 {}
 class C5 implements I6 {}`
 	f, done := fourslash.NewFourslash(t, nil /*capabilities*/, content)
 	defer done()
+	// Implemented members follow I6's base order: C4's fields, then C3's, then C2's.
 	f.VerifyCodeFix(t, fourslash.VerifyCodeFixOptions{
 		Description: "Implement interface 'I6'",
 		NewFileContent: `// Referenced throughout the inheritance chain.
@@ -64,12 +65,12 @@ class C4 extends C3 implements I0, I4, I5 {
 
 interface I6 extends C4 {}
 class C5 implements I6 {
-    c: number;
+    e: number;
+    f: number;
     a: number;
     b: number;
     d: number;
-    e: number;
-    f: number;
+    c: number;
 }`,
 		Index: 0,
 	})
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.errors.txt b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..90e6a04673398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts(5,14): error TS2739: Type '{}' is missing the following properties from type 'C<string>': own, inherited
+emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts(8,14): error TS2322: Type 'B<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'B<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+  The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+    Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts(11,14): error TS2322: Type 'C<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'C<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+  The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+    Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts(14,14): error TS2322: Type 'D<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'D<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+  The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+    Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts(16,14): error TS2739: Type '{}' is missing the following properties from type 'Both': right, left
+
+
+==== emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts (5 errors) ====
+    // Inherited members keep the base type's order. Sorting them by declaration position
+    // makes an empty subtype invariant and drops the assignability error.
+    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/65052
+    
+    export const empty: C<string> = {};
+                 ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2739: Type '{}' is missing the following properties from type 'C<string>': own, inherited
+    
+    declare const narrowB: B<{ a: string }>;
+    export const wideB: B<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowB;
+                 ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type 'B<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'B<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! error TS2322:   The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+!!! error TS2322:     Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! related TS2728 emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts:8:36: 'b' is declared here.
+    
+    declare const narrowC: C<{ a: string }>;
+    export const wideC: C<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowC;
+                 ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type 'C<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'C<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! error TS2322:   The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+!!! error TS2322:     Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! related TS2728 emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts:11:36: 'b' is declared here.
+    
+    declare const narrowD: D<{ a: string }>;
+    export const wideD: D<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowD;
+                 ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type 'D<{ a: string; }>' is not assignable to type 'D<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! error TS2322:   The types returned by 'own(...)' are incompatible between these types.
+!!! error TS2322:     Property 'b' is missing in type 'Required<{ a: string; }>' but required in type 'Required<{ a: string; b?: number | undefined; }>'.
+!!! related TS2728 emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts:14:36: 'b' is declared here.
+    
+    export const both: Both = {};
+                 ~~~~
+!!! error TS2739: Type '{}' is missing the following properties from type 'Both': right, left
+    
+    interface A<T> {
+        inherited: () => T;
+    }
+    
+    interface B<T> extends A<T> {
+        own: (x: T) => Required<T>;
+    }
+    
+    interface C<T> extends B<T> {}
+    
+    interface D<T> extends C<T> {}
+    
+    interface Left {
+        left: string;
+    }
+    
+    interface Right {
+        right: string;
+    }
+    
+    interface Both extends Right, Left {}
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.symbols b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aade07b6b669f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts] ////
+
+=== emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts ===
+// Inherited members keep the base type's order. Sorting them by declaration position
+// makes an empty subtype invariant and drops the assignability error.
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/65052
+
+export const empty: C<string> = {};
+>empty : Symbol(empty, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 4, 12))
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 23, 1))
+
+declare const narrowB: B<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowB : Symbol(narrowB, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 6, 13))
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 19, 1))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 6, 26))
+
+export const wideB: B<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowB;
+>wideB : Symbol(wideB, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 7, 12))
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 19, 1))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 7, 23))
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 7, 34))
+>narrowB : Symbol(narrowB, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 6, 13))
+
+declare const narrowC: C<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowC : Symbol(narrowC, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 9, 13))
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 23, 1))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 9, 26))
+
+export const wideC: C<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowC;
+>wideC : Symbol(wideC, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 10, 12))
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 23, 1))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 10, 23))
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 10, 34))
+>narrowC : Symbol(narrowC, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 9, 13))
+
+declare const narrowD: D<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowD : Symbol(narrowD, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 12, 13))
+>D : Symbol(D, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 25, 30))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 12, 26))
+
+export const wideD: D<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowD;
+>wideD : Symbol(wideD, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 13, 12))
+>D : Symbol(D, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 25, 30))
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 13, 23))
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 13, 34))
+>narrowD : Symbol(narrowD, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 12, 13))
+
+export const both: Both = {};
+>both : Symbol(both, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 15, 12))
+>Both : Symbol(Both, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 35, 1))
+
+interface A<T> {
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 15, 29))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 17, 12))
+
+    inherited: () => T;
+>inherited : Symbol(A.inherited, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 17, 16))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 17, 12))
+}
+
+interface B<T> extends A<T> {
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 19, 1))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 21, 12))
+>A : Symbol(A, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 15, 29))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 21, 12))
+
+    own: (x: T) => Required<T>;
+>own : Symbol(B.own, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 21, 29))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 22, 10))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 21, 12))
+>Required : Symbol(Required, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 21, 12))
+}
+
+interface C<T> extends B<T> {}
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 23, 1))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 25, 12))
+>B : Symbol(B, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 19, 1))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 25, 12))
+
+interface D<T> extends C<T> {}
+>D : Symbol(D, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 25, 30))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 27, 12))
+>C : Symbol(C, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 23, 1))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 27, 12))
+
+interface Left {
+>Left : Symbol(Left, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 27, 30))
+
+    left: string;
+>left : Symbol(Left.left, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 29, 16))
+}
+
+interface Right {
+>Right : Symbol(Right, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    right: string;
+>right : Symbol(Right.right, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 33, 17))
+}
+
+interface Both extends Right, Left {}
+>Both : Symbol(Both, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 35, 1))
+>Right : Symbol(Right, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 31, 1))
+>Left : Symbol(Left, Decl(emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts, 27, 30))
+
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.types b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f4bf5699a3a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.types
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts] ////
+
+=== emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts ===
+// Inherited members keep the base type's order. Sorting them by declaration position
+// makes an empty subtype invariant and drops the assignability error.
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/65052
+
+export const empty: C<string> = {};
+>empty : C<string>
+>{} : {}
+
+declare const narrowB: B<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowB : B<{ a: string; }>
+>a : string
+
+export const wideB: B<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowB;
+>wideB : B<{ a: string; b?: number; }>
+>a : string
+>b : number | undefined
+>narrowB : B<{ a: string; }>
+
+declare const narrowC: C<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowC : C<{ a: string; }>
+>a : string
+
+export const wideC: C<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowC;
+>wideC : C<{ a: string; b?: number; }>
+>a : string
+>b : number | undefined
+>narrowC : C<{ a: string; }>
+
+declare const narrowD: D<{ a: string }>;
+>narrowD : D<{ a: string; }>
+>a : string
+
+export const wideD: D<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowD;
+>wideD : D<{ a: string; b?: number; }>
+>a : string
+>b : number | undefined
+>narrowD : D<{ a: string; }>
+
+export const both: Both = {};
+>both : Both
+>{} : {}
+
+interface A<T> {
+    inherited: () => T;
+>inherited : () => T
+}
+
+interface B<T> extends A<T> {
+    own: (x: T) => Required<T>;
+>own : (x: T) => Required<T>
+>x : T
+}
+
+interface C<T> extends B<T> {}
+
+interface D<T> extends C<T> {}
+
+interface Left {
+    left: string;
+>left : string
+}
+
+interface Right {
+    right: string;
+>right : string
+}
+
+interface Both extends Right, Left {}
+
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..74d8eed21696f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/emptySubtypeInheritedMemberOrder.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// @strict: true
+// @noEmit: true
+
+// Inherited members keep the base type's order. Sorting them by declaration position
+// makes an empty subtype invariant and drops the assignability error.
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/65052
+
+export const empty: C<string> = {};
+
+declare const narrowB: B<{ a: string }>;
+export const wideB: B<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowB;
+
+declare const narrowC: C<{ a: string }>;
+export const wideC: C<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowC;
+
+declare const narrowD: D<{ a: string }>;
+export const wideD: D<{ a: string; b?: number }> = narrowD;
+
+export const both: Both = {};
+
+interface A<T> {
+    inherited: () => T;
+}
+
+interface B<T> extends A<T> {
+    own: (x: T) => Required<T>;
+}
+
+interface C<T> extends B<T> {}
+
+interface D<T> extends C<T> {}
+
+interface Left {
+    left: string;
+}
+
+interface Right {
+    right: string;
+}
+
+interface Both extends Right, Left {}