Sync ORACLE.md corporate reference

Author: mearvk

ORACLE.md

@@ -2,88 +2,96 @@
 
 # Oracle
 
+**Oracle Corporation** is a major American enterprise-technology company whose history is closely associated with database software, enterprise computing, cloud infrastructure, Java, and a large body of software and developer technologies. This document records Oracle's historical and corporate context for the Brarner.M.Alete project.
+
+> **B.M.A. note:** This document recognizes Oracle's technical and historical significance without implying that Brarner.M.Alete is an Oracle product or that Oracle endorses the project.
+
 ## A Respectful View of Oracle
 
-Oracle is one of the major enterprise technology companies associated with databases, enterprise software, cloud infrastructure, engineered systems, and Java. This document records Oracle's history and publicly documented corporate facts in a respectful, factual way, including matters of particular relevance to Java-based software projects.
+Oracle has made a substantial and lasting contribution to computing. Its database technology helped establish relational database systems as a central part of enterprise information systems, while its later work and acquisitions expanded its role into applications, cloud infrastructure, hardware, middleware, developer tooling, and Java.
 
-Oracle's technologies have played a significant role in enterprise computing, and Oracle's stewardship of Java has made the company an important part of the Java ecosystem that this repository uses and builds upon.
+The appropriate form of support in this document is **moral and technical respect**: recognize useful work, preserve interoperability where practical, learn from established methods, and give credit to the people and institutions that helped build the computing ecosystem.
 
-## Larry Ellison
+## Founder — Larry Ellison
 
-Larry Ellison founded Oracle in 1977. He served as Oracle's Chief Executive Officer until September 2014 and continues as Executive Chairman and Chief Technology Officer.
+**Larry Ellison** founded Oracle in **1977** and served as its CEO until September 2014. Oracle identifies him as its Executive Chairman of the Board and Chief Technology Officer. Oracle's own biography describes him as the company's founder and current chairman/CTO.
 
-Ellison's long association with Oracle is central to the company's history. Under Oracle's development, the company grew from a database-focused enterprise into a broad technology company spanning databases, applications, cloud infrastructure, engineered systems, and Java.
+Ellison's role is historically important to Oracle's development from a 1970s database company into a global enterprise-technology organization. His leadership is part of the historical context surrounding Oracle's database products, enterprise software strategy, and later expansion into cloud and other technologies.
 
 ## Corporate Development and Support
 
-Oracle's corporate technology portfolio has included:
+Oracle's corporate history includes a broad ecosystem of products, acquisitions, engineering organizations, customers, partners, developers, and employees. Among the technologies and organizations associated with its wider corporate history are:
 
-- Oracle Database and related data-management technologies.
-- Enterprise applications, middleware, and developer technologies.
-- Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) and associated cloud services.
-- Java and the Java platform following Oracle's acquisition of Sun Microsystems.
-- Hardware and engineered systems associated with enterprise computing.
-- A large worldwide enterprise-support and services organization.
+- Oracle Database and related database technologies.
+- Enterprise applications and middleware.
+- Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and cloud services.
+- Java and the Java platform ecosystem.
+- Hardware and engineered systems.
+- Developer and enterprise tooling.
+- Technologies brought into Oracle through major acquisitions, including Sun Microsystems.
 
-For Java projects, Oracle's stewardship of the Java platform is especially relevant. This repository is a Java 21 server platform, and its use of standard Java technologies places it within a broader ecosystem that Oracle has helped maintain and develop.
+Sun Microsystems was acquired by Oracle in 2010, bringing Java and other technologies into Oracle's portfolio. This makes Oracle a major institutional steward of the Java ecosystem even though Java itself has a much longer history and a much broader community than Oracle alone.
 
-## Employees
+## People and Employees
 
-Oracle reported approximately **141,000 full-time employees as of May 31, 2026**.
+Oracle reported approximately **141,000 full-time employees as of May 31, 2026**, including approximately 49,000 in the United States and 92,000 internationally.
 
-The company's FY2026 employee distribution was reported approximately as:
+The same fiscal-2026 filing reports approximate workforce distribution of:
 
 | Area | Employees |
 |---|---:|
-| Research and Development | 43,000 |
+| Research and development | 43,000 |
 | Services | 34,000 |
-| Cloud and Software | 26,000 |
-| Sales and Marketing | 25,000 |
-| General and Administrative | 11,000 |
+| Cloud and software | 26,000 |
+| Sales and marketing | 25,000 |
+| General and administrative | 11,000 |
 | Hardware | 2,000 |
+| **Total** | **141,000** |
 
-Oracle also reported an average employee tenure of approximately eight years, with approximately 31% of employees having ten or more years of service.
+Oracle reported an average employee tenure of approximately eight years, with 31% of employees having worked at Oracle for ten years or more.
 
-## Buildings and Facilities
+## Buildings, Facilities, and Global Infrastructure
 
-Oracle does **not** publish a simple worldwide count of every building it occupies, so this document does not invent a building total.
+Oracle does not publish a single simple worldwide **building count** in its fiscal-2026 annual report. Instead, it describes its property footprint by facility type and square footage.
 
-Oracle's FY2026 filing reported:
+As of May 31, 2026, Oracle reported:
 
-- Approximately **0.9 million square feet** at its Austin, Texas headquarters, which Oracle owns.
-- Approximately **25.4 million square feet** of other office facilities worldwide.
-- Approximately **181 data-center locations** worldwide.
-- Approximately **$21.263 billion** in gross carrying amount for buildings and improvements at May 31, 2026.
-- Approximately **$39.973 billion** in construction in progress at May 31, 2026.
+- Approximately **0.9 million square feet** at its Austin, Texas headquarters, which it owns.
+- Approximately **25.4 million square feet** of other office facilities in the United States and internationally.
+- Approximately **181 global data-center locations**, substantially all leased and used to deliver Oracle Cloud offerings.
+- Approximately **$21.263 billion** in gross buildings and improvements on its balance sheet at May 31, 2026.
+- Approximately **$39.973 billion** in construction in progress, primarily associated with infrastructure being developed for deployment, including data-center infrastructure.
 
-Data-center locations should not be treated as a count of all Oracle buildings; they are a distinct infrastructure category.
+Because a data-center location is not necessarily a single building, the number of Oracle buildings should not be inferred from the number of reported locations.
 
 ## Financial Position
 
-For fiscal year 2026, Oracle reported:
+For the fiscal year ended **May 31, 2026**, Oracle reported:
 
 | Measure | FY2026 |
 |---|---:|
-| Total revenue | **$67.357 billion** |
+| Revenue | **$67.357 billion** |
 | Net income | **$17.087 billion** |
 | Net income available to common shareholders | **$16.984 billion** |
-| Diluted earnings per share | **$5.83** |
+| Diluted EPS | **$5.83** |
 
-These figures describe Oracle Corporation's reported fiscal-year financial results and are not a forecast.
+Oracle's fiscal-2026 annual report is the principal source for these figures.
 
 ## Stock Symbol
 
-Oracle Corporation's common stock trades on the **New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)** under the symbol:
+Oracle's common stock trades on the **New York Stock Exchange** under:
 
 **ORCL**
 
-Oracle also has a preferred-stock security listed as **ORCL-PRD**.
+Oracle's fiscal-2026 filing identifies ORCL as the common-stock trading symbol. The same filing also identifies ORCL-PRD for the company's Series D mandatory convertible preferred stock.
+
+## Stock Splits — 75-Year Historical Window
 
-## Stock Splits
+Oracle was founded in 1977 and went public in 1986, so its publicly traded split history covers substantially less than 75 years.
 
-Oracle has completed **10 common-stock splits since its initial public offering**, with the most recent split occurring in October 2000.
+The documented common-stock split history contains **10 stock splits**, beginning in 1987 and ending in 2000:
 
-| Date | Split |
+| Effective date | Split |
 |---|---:|
 | March 25, 1987 | 2-for-1 |
 | December 21, 1987 | 2-for-1 |
@@ -96,73 +104,73 @@ Oracle has completed **10 common-stock splits since its initial public offering*
 | January 19, 2000 | 2-for-1 |
 | October 13, 2000 | 2-for-1 |
 
-There were no additional common-stock splits in the documented period after October 2000.
+Oracle's own 2000 investor announcement described the October 2000 transaction as its **tenth stock split since the March 1986 IPO**. No later common-stock split is identified in the sources reviewed for this document.
 
 ## Legal and Corporate Conduct
 
-A responsible corporate history should record significant legal and regulatory matters without turning civil or regulatory proceedings into unsupported criminal labels.
+A fair corporate history should record both achievements and documented legal matters without exaggeration.
 
-Notable documented matters include:
+There have been significant regulatory and civil enforcement matters involving Oracle and entities within its corporate history. These should not be confused with a statement that Oracle as a corporation is a convicted felon.
 
-- **2011 — U.S. False Claims Act settlement:** Oracle Corporation and Oracle America agreed to pay **$199.5 million plus interest** to resolve allegations concerning a General Services Administration contract. This was a civil False Claims Act matter.
-- **2011 — Sun Microsystems-related False Claims Act matter:** Oracle America paid **$46 million** to resolve allegations related to Sun Microsystems after Oracle acquired Sun.
-- **2022 — Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) matter:** Oracle agreed to pay **more than $23 million** to resolve SEC charges involving subsidiaries in Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and India. The SEC described the matter as Oracle's second FCPA-related enforcement action and referenced an earlier Oracle India matter.
+### 2011 — GSA False Claims Act settlement
 
-These proceedings are important parts of the public record. Civil settlements, SEC enforcement actions, and corporate regulatory resolutions are not the same thing as a criminal conviction.
+The U.S. Department of Justice announced that Oracle Corp. and Oracle America Inc. agreed to pay **$199.5 million plus interest** to resolve a False Claims Act lawsuit concerning contractual obligations under a General Services Administration software contract.
 
-## A Note on “Notable Felons or Felonies”
+### 2022 — FCPA settlement
 
-The requested phrase “Notable Felons or Felonies” requires care.
+The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced that Oracle agreed to pay **more than $23 million** to resolve charges concerning Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations involving subsidiaries in Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and India. The SEC said the subsidiaries created and used slush funds and that certain funds were used in connection with foreign officials.
 
-This document does not label Oracle Corporation, Larry Ellison, or Oracle employees as “felons” without a documented criminal conviction establishing that status. Instead, it identifies significant public legal and regulatory proceedings involving Oracle and describes their nature accurately.
+The SEC described the 2022 matter as Oracle's **second** FCPA-related enforcement action; it also referenced a 2012 matter involving Oracle India.
 
-That distinction preserves both the seriousness of documented corporate conduct and the principle that a civil or regulatory proceeding should not be represented as a criminal conviction.
+These matters are important historical facts and should remain visible in a responsible corporate history. They do not by themselves establish that Oracle, Larry Ellison, or Oracle's employees generally are "felons." The sources reviewed for this document identify civil/regulatory enforcement and settlements rather than a corporate felony conviction.
 
-## Oracle and This Java 21 Project
+## A Note on "Notable Felons or Felonies"
 
-This repository, **Java.Web.Server.Telnet.Front.Java.21**, is a substantial Java 21 server platform. It includes Java servers, TCP/telnet services, web frontends, configuration systems, databases, cryptographic services, and JavaFX/C/C++ administrative components.
+The term **felony** is a specific criminal-law classification and should not be applied merely because a company has paid a civil settlement, resolved an SEC enforcement action, or been subject to a regulatory proceeding.
 
-Oracle's role in Java is therefore directly relevant to the technical lineage of this project:
+For this reason, this document does **not** label Oracle, Larry Ellison, or Oracle employees as felons without a documented criminal conviction establishing that fact.
 
-```
-Java language and platform
-        ↓
-Java SE / JDK ecosystem
-        ↓
-Java 21 application source
-        ↓
-This repository's Java services
-        ↓
-Server, Telnet, TCP, HTTP, web, and administrative systems
-```
+The better historical record is to identify the actual proceedings, the agency involved, the allegations or findings, the resolution, and the date. That approach preserves accuracy while still acknowledging difficult parts of corporate history.
 
-The project can acknowledge Oracle's stewardship of Java while remaining an independent software implementation and repository.
+## Oracle and Brarner.M.Alete
 
-## Corporate Support and the Broader Computing World
+Brarner.M.Alete can regard Oracle as an important participant in modern enterprise computing and as a significant steward of technologies, including Java, that have influenced software development.
 
-Oracle's continuing investment in enterprise software, databases, cloud infrastructure, and Java has supported a large body of commercial, governmental, educational, and independent computing work.
+The intended relationship is independent and respectful:
 
-For this repository, the most relevant contribution is the continued existence and development of the Java platform on which Java 21 applications can be built, deployed, administered, and maintained.
+```text
+Oracle / Java ecosystem
+          |
+          v
+  Technical reference
+          |
+          v
+ Brarner.M.Alete development
+          |
+          v
+ Independent implementation
+```
 
-A respectful technical history can recognize those contributions while still documenting corporate controversies and legal matters accurately.
+This relationship does not imply sponsorship, endorsement, ownership, or affiliation. It simply records Oracle's place in the broader computing history relevant to the project.
 
-## Closing Note
+## Closing
 
-Oracle is an important and influential participant in modern computing. Its history includes major contributions to database technology, enterprise computing, cloud infrastructure, and the Java ecosystem, alongside documented regulatory and civil proceedings that belong in a complete corporate record.
+Oracle's history represents decades of substantial work in databases, enterprise computing, cloud infrastructure, software engineering, and Java. The company has also faced documented regulatory and legal challenges, which are appropriately preserved in an honest technical history.
 
-For a Java 21 project, recognizing Oracle's place in the history of Java is appropriate. This repository can use that history as technical context while continuing to develop its own software, engineering practices, and independent direction.
+This project can recognize Oracle as an **important and influential corporate participant in modern computing** and a significant steward of technologies that have shaped the software industry. Respect for Oracle's useful contributions, respect for its engineers and developers, and careful study of established methods are constructive foundations for interoperability and independent implementation.
 
-**Oracle's place in computing is substantial, its corporate history is worth documenting carefully, and its relationship to Java makes it particularly relevant to this project.**
+Brarner.M.Alete's purpose is to develop its own capabilities while acknowledging the wider computing institutions and communities from which useful ideas, standards, and technologies have emerged.
 
 ---
 
 ## Sources
 
-- Oracle — Larry Ellison biography and company history.
-- Oracle Investor Relations — historical stock-split information.
-- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission — Oracle Corporation FY2026 Form 10-K.
-- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission — 2022 Oracle FCPA enforcement action.
-- U.S. Department of Justice — 2011 Oracle False Claims Act settlement.
-- Oracle — data-center and infrastructure information.
+- Oracle — [Larry Ellison executive biography](https://www.oracle.com/emea/corporate/executives/larry-ellison/)
+- Oracle — [Data Center Locations](https://www.oracle.com/data-centers/)
+- Oracle — [Investor Relations](https://investor.oracle.com/)
+- U.S. SEC — [Oracle Corporation FY2026 Form 10-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1341439/000119312526277521/orcl-20260531.htm)
+- U.S. SEC — [2022 Oracle FCPA enforcement action](https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022-173)
+- U.S. Department of Justice — [2011 Oracle False Claims Act settlement](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/oracle-agrees-pay-us-1995-million-resolve-false-claims-act-lawsuit)
+- Oracle Investor Relations — [October 2000 stock split announcement](https://investor.oracle.com/investor-news/news-details/2000/Oracle-Reports-Net-Income-Up-111-Earnings-Per-Share-017-Application-Sales-Up-42-Database-Sales-Up-32-Oracle-Stock-to-Split-2-for-1/default.aspx)
 
-*Prepared for Java.Web.Server.Telnet.Front.Java.21, September 2026.*
+*Prepared for the Brarner.M.Alete project, September 2026.*