diff --git a/.changes/next-release/bugfix-crt-24627.json b/.changes/next-release/bugfix-crt-24627.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bd7f9d50bff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changes/next-release/bugfix-crt-24627.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "type": "bugfix",
+  "category": "crt",
+  "description": "Return error when final rename task fails on downloads"
+}
diff --git a/awscli/s3transfer/crt.py b/awscli/s3transfer/crt.py
index 9105c63baefe..b441d4dbccf5 100644
--- a/awscli/s3transfer/crt.py
+++ b/awscli/s3transfer/crt.py
@@ -1699,8 +1699,11 @@ def __call__(self, **kwargs):
                 )
             except Exception as e:
                 self._osutil.remove_file(self._temp_filename)
-                # the CRT future has done already at this point
-                self._coordinator.set_exception(e)
+                # This runs as an on_done callback, so the transfer is already
+                # marked complete and the exception has to override that
+                # result. Otherwise the download reports success having
+                # written nothing.
+                self._coordinator.set_exception(e, override=True)
 
 
 class AfterDoneHandler:
diff --git a/tests/unit/s3transfer/test_crt.py b/tests/unit/s3transfer/test_crt.py
index 428e0bcdde1c..6d1240608b61 100644
--- a/tests/unit/s3transfer/test_crt.py
+++ b/tests/unit/s3transfer/test_crt.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 from botocore.session import Session
 from s3transfer.constants import GB
 from s3transfer.exceptions import TransferNotDoneError
-from s3transfer.utils import CallArgs
+from s3transfer.utils import CallArgs, OSUtils
 
 from tests import HAS_CRT, FileCreator, mock, requires_crt, unittest
 
@@ -876,3 +876,42 @@ def test_fio_options(
             mock_s3_crt_client.call_args[1]['fio_options'].direct_io
             is direct_io
         )
+
+
+@requires_crt_pytest
+class TestRenameTempFileHandler:
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def coordinator(self):
+        return s3transfer.crt.CRTTransferCoordinator()
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def osutil(self):
+        return mock.Mock(spec=OSUtils)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def handler(self, coordinator, osutil):
+        return s3transfer.crt.RenameTempFileHandler(
+            coordinator, 'final', 'temp', osutil
+        )
+
+    def test_renames_temp_file(self, handler, osutil):
+        handler(error=None)
+        osutil.rename_file.assert_called_once_with('temp', 'final')
+
+    def test_removes_temp_file_on_transfer_error(self, handler, osutil):
+        handler(error=Exception('transfer failed'))
+        osutil.remove_file.assert_called_once_with('temp')
+        assert not osutil.rename_file.called
+
+    def test_surfaces_rename_error(self, coordinator, handler, osutil):
+        osutil.rename_file.side_effect = OSError('Is a directory')
+        # The handler runs as an on done callback, so the transfer is already
+        # complete by the time the rename fails.
+        coordinator.complete()
+        assert coordinator.done()
+
+        handler(error=None)
+
+        osutil.remove_file.assert_called_once_with('temp')
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            coordinator.result()