diff --git a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/AlignedTVList.java b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/AlignedTVList.java
index a589e1ea97a6..1e29d245756b 100644
--- a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/AlignedTVList.java
+++ b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/AlignedTVList.java
@@ -642,7 +642,13 @@ public List<TSDataType> getTsDataTypes() {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public int delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
+  /*
+   * Must be synchronized with sort() on the same TVList instance: a query may sort
+   * this list in place (sort() is synchronized), and a concurrent delete would
+   * otherwise read the half-rebuilt indices and throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
+   * or delete wrong rows.
+   */
+  public synchronized int delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
     int deletedNumber = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < dataTypes.size(); i++) {
       deletedNumber += delete(lowerBound, upperBound, i).left;
@@ -650,7 +656,13 @@ public int delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
     return deletedNumber;
   }
 
-  public int deleteTime(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
+  /*
+   * Must be synchronized with sort() on the same TVList instance: a query may sort
+   * this list in place (sort() is synchronized), and a concurrent delete would
+   * otherwise read the half-rebuilt indices and throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
+   * or delete wrong rows.
+   */
+  public synchronized int deleteTime(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
     delete(lowerBound, upperBound);
     int prevDeletedCnt = this.timeDeletedCnt;
     for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++) {
@@ -693,12 +705,17 @@ private void updateMinTime() {
   /**
    * Delete points in a specific column.
    *
+   * <p>Must be synchronized with {@link #sort()} on the same TVList instance: a query may sort this
+   * list in place ({@code sort()} is synchronized), and a concurrent delete would otherwise read
+   * the half-rebuilt {@code indices} and throw IndexOutOfBoundsException or delete wrong rows.
+   *
    * @param lowerBound deletion lower bound
    * @param upperBound deletion upper bound
    * @param columnIndex column index to be deleted
    * @return Delete info pair. Left: deletedNumber int; right: ifDeleteColumn boolean
    */
-  public Pair<Integer, Boolean> delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound, int columnIndex) {
+  public synchronized Pair<Integer, Boolean> delete(
+      long lowerBound, long upperBound, int columnIndex) {
     if (columnIndex >= values.size()) {
       return new Pair<>(0, false);
     }
@@ -721,7 +738,13 @@ public Pair<Integer, Boolean> delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound, int colum
     return new Pair<>(deletedNumber, deleteColumn);
   }
 
-  public void deleteColumn(int columnIndex) {
+  /*
+   * Must be synchronized with sort() on the same TVList instance: a query may sort
+   * this list in place (sort() is synchronized), and a concurrent delete would
+   * otherwise read the half-rebuilt indices and throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
+   * or delete wrong rows.
+   */
+  public synchronized void deleteColumn(int columnIndex) {
     if (bitMaps == null) {
       List<List<BitMap>> localBitMaps = new ArrayList<>(dataTypes.size());
       for (int j = 0; j < dataTypes.size(); j++) {
diff --git a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/TVList.java b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/TVList.java
index 3141ad3c8b44..9dbd11cf6268 100644
--- a/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/TVList.java
+++ b/iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/utils/datastructure/TVList.java
@@ -580,7 +580,13 @@ public TVList clone(long version) {
     return clone();
   }
 
-  public int delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
+  /*
+   * Must be synchronized with sort() on the same TVList instance: a query may sort
+   * this list in place (sort() is synchronized), and a concurrent delete would
+   * otherwise read the half-rebuilt indices and throw IndexOutOfBoundsException
+   * or delete wrong rows.
+   */
+  public synchronized int delete(long lowerBound, long upperBound) {
     int deletedNumber = 0;
     long maxTime = Long.MIN_VALUE;
     long minTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;