diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e6ab4d4c68fb..62983127b3d8 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@
 
 **Fixes**:
 
+- Stop silently dropping a select item whose name collides with an identifier
+  used earlier in the same projection — a table qualifier, or a column of the
+  same name from another relation. `select {tbl.a, tbl = x.b}` lost its second
+  column, as did a join between two relations that share a column name.
+  (@prql-bot, #6181)
+
 **Documentation**:
 
 **Web**:
diff --git a/prqlc/prqlc/src/sql/gen_projection.rs b/prqlc/prqlc/src/sql/gen_projection.rs
index eba54e0c3d62..220e88559950 100644
--- a/prqlc/prqlc/src/sql/gen_projection.rs
+++ b/prqlc/prqlc/src/sql/gen_projection.rs
@@ -121,14 +121,24 @@ pub(super) fn translate_wildcards(ctx: &AnchorContext, cols: Vec<CId>) -> (Vec<C
 }
 
 fn deduplicate_select_items(items: &mut Vec<SelectItem>) {
-    // Dropping all duplicated identifiers
-    let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+    // Dropping all duplicated identifiers. Qualified references and output
+    // names are tracked separately: a table qualifier such as the `t` of `t.a`
+    // lives in a different namespace to an output column name, so it must not
+    // make a later `… AS t` look like a repeat.
+    let mut seen_idents = HashSet::new();
+    let mut seen_names = HashSet::new();
     items.retain(|select_item| match select_item {
         SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(sql_ast::Expr::CompoundIdentifier(idents)) => {
-            // If any of the identifiers hadn't been seen yet, retain the expr
-            idents.iter().any(|ident| seen.insert(ident.clone()))
+            match idents.as_slice() {
+                // An unqualified `a` carries no qualifier and is itself the
+                // output name, so it belongs in the same namespace as aliases.
+                [only] => seen_names.insert(only.clone()),
+                // Compare the whole path, so that `t.a` and `u.a` both survive
+                // while a repeat of `t.a` does not.
+                _ => seen_idents.insert(idents.clone()),
+            }
         }
-        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { alias, .. } => seen.insert(alias.clone()),
+        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { alias, .. } => seen_names.insert(alias.clone()),
         _ => true,
     });
 }
diff --git a/prqlc/prqlc/tests/integration/sql.rs b/prqlc/prqlc/tests/integration/sql.rs
index d9265c1bfc52..f80af1882c18 100644
--- a/prqlc/prqlc/tests/integration/sql.rs
+++ b/prqlc/prqlc/tests/integration/sql.rs
@@ -1186,6 +1186,50 @@ fn test_sort_in_nested_join_with_extra_derive_and_select() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_alias_matching_table_qualifier_is_kept() {
+    // The select-item deduplication used to track table qualifiers and output
+    // aliases in one set, so `tbl` from `tbl.a` made `x.b AS tbl` look like a
+    // repeat and the column was dropped from the projection.
+    assert_snapshot!(compile(r#"
+    from tbl
+    join x (==id)
+    select {tbl.a, tbl = x.b}
+    "#).unwrap(), @r"
+    SELECT
+      tbl.a,
+      x.b AS tbl
+    FROM
+      tbl
+      INNER JOIN x ON tbl.id = x.id
+    ");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_aggregate_matching_group_key() {
+    // TODO: this is wrong — the aggregate is missing from the projection.
+    //
+    // An unqualified group key occupies the same output-name namespace as the
+    // aggregate's alias, so the dedup pass drops the aggregate. Emitting both
+    // is not the fix on its own: they would share the name `a`, and `sort a`
+    // on top of this then compiles to `ORDER BY a`, which Postgres rejects as
+    // ambiguous and SQLite/DuckDB bind to the aggregate rather than the group
+    // key. The real fix belongs in the resolver, which disambiguates a
+    // same-named pair inside `select` (renaming to `_expr_0`) but not in
+    // `group`/`aggregate`.
+    assert_snapshot!(compile(r#"
+    from tbl
+    group {a} (aggregate {a = sum b})
+    "#).unwrap(), @r"
+    SELECT
+      a
+    FROM
+      tbl
+    GROUP BY
+      a
+    ");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_sort_in_nested_append() {
     assert_snapshot!(compile(r#"
diff --git a/web/book/tests/documentation/snapshots/documentation__book__reference__stdlib__tuple__tuple-functions__4.snap b/web/book/tests/documentation/snapshots/documentation__book__reference__stdlib__tuple__tuple-functions__4.snap
index c0cc4296a999..0bd32353c082 100644
--- a/web/book/tests/documentation/snapshots/documentation__book__reference__stdlib__tuple__tuple-functions__4.snap
+++ b/web/book/tests/documentation/snapshots/documentation__book__reference__stdlib__tuple__tuple-functions__4.snap
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ SELECT
   invoices.processed,
   shipments.id,
   shipments.invoice_id,
+  shipments.date_of,
   shipments.shipped_on
 FROM
   invoices