diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/PaymentField.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/PaymentField.ts
index 53d63d028..5fd2425dc 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/PaymentField.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/PaymentField.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ export class PaymentField extends FormComponent {
   declare options: PaymentFieldComponent['options']
   declare formSchema: ObjectSchema
   declare stateSchema: ObjectSchema
+  declare def: PaymentFieldComponent
   isAppendageStateSingleObject = true
 
   constructor(
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ export class PaymentField extends FormComponent {
     super(def, props)
 
     this.options = def.options
+    this.def = def
 
     const paymentStateSchema = joi
       .object({
@@ -110,6 +112,8 @@ export class PaymentField extends FormComponent {
   getViewModel(context: RenderContext) {
     const { payload } = context
     const viewModel = super.getViewModel(context)
+    const { translator } = context
+    const { tComponent } = translator
 
     // Payload is pre-populated from state if a payment has already been made
     const paymentState = this.isPaymentState(payload[this.name] as unknown)
@@ -124,7 +128,8 @@ export class PaymentField extends FormComponent {
     return {
       ...viewModel,
       amount: formatCurrency(amount),
-      description: this.options.description,
+      description:
+        tComponent(this.def, 'paymentDescription') || this.options.description,
       paymentState
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/createFormTranslator.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/createFormTranslator.ts
index 3c0b51e8a..ddeae11c0 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/createFormTranslator.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/createFormTranslator.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-import { type FormDefinition } from '@defra/forms-model'
+import {
+  yesNoListNoItemId,
+  yesNoListYesItemId,
+  type FormDefinition
+} from '@defra/forms-model'
 import { type i18n } from 'i18next'
 
 import { createTranslator } from '~/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/createTranslator.js'
@@ -28,6 +32,22 @@ export function loadFormTranslations(def: FormDefinition, i18nInstance: i18n) {
   if (formTranslations) {
     for (const [lng, resources] of Object.entries(formTranslations)) {
       i18nInstance.addResourceBundle(lng, 'form', resources, true, true)
+
+      // Temporary workaround - until we develop a better solution
+      if (lng === 'cy') {
+        i18nInstance.addResource(
+          lng,
+          'form',
+          `listItems.${yesNoListYesItemId}.text`,
+          'Ie'
+        )
+        i18nInstance.addResource(
+          lng,
+          'form',
+          `listItems.${yesNoListNoItemId}.text`,
+          'Nage'
+        )
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/cy.json b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/cy.json
index 25d86a998..9697c726e 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/cy.json
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/cy.json
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
         "body": "Os hoffech dderbyn e-bost prawf, [[link]] yr hoffech i gyflwyniadau ffurflen fynd iddo.",
         "linkText": "nodwch y cyfeiriad e-bost (yn agor mewn tab newydd)"
       },
+      "bannerTitle": "Pwysig",
       "bannerForce": "Rhagolwg o ffurflen [[previewMode]] yw hon. Peidiwch â rhoi gwybodaeth bersonol.",
       "bannerText": "Dyma ragolwg o dudalen ffurflen [[previewMode]] rydych chi'n ei golygu.",
       "previousPages": "Mae'n dibynnu ar atebion o dudalennau cynharach yn y ffurflen. Yn y fersiwn fyw, bydd angen i ddefnyddwyr gwblhau'r cwestiynau hynny yn gyntaf."
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@
 
     "yesNoField": {
       "yes": "Ie",
-      "no": "Na",
+      "no": "Nage",
       "validation": {
         "selectYesNoRequired": "{{#label}} - dewiswch ie neu na"
       }
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@
     },
 
     "paymentField": {
-      "detailsRequired": "Angen manylion talu",
+      "detailsRequired": "Angen talu",
       "pendingTransaction": "Mae'n bosibl y gwelwch drafodiad ar y gweill yn eich cyfrif banc ond dim ond pan fyddwch yn cyflwyno'r ffurflen y codir tâl arnoch.",
       "addPaymentDetails": "Ychwanegu manylion talu",
       "cannotTakePayment": "Mae problem ac ni allwn dderbyn taliad. Cysylltwch â ni (manylion yn nhroedyn y ffurflen hon) neu cadwch eich cynnydd a dychwelyd at y ffurflen yn ddiweddarach.",
@@ -266,6 +267,19 @@
       "uploadedFilesHeading": "Ffeiliau a uwchlwythwyd",
       "filesCount_one": "Uwchlwythwyd [[count]] ffeil",
       "filesCount_other": "Uwchlwythwyd [[count]] ffeil"
+    },
+
+    "characterCount": {
+      "_comment": "Note the use of %{count} instead of [[count]]. This is because we are passing to the govuk template, not passing to Joi",
+      "underLimit": {
+        "one": "Mae gennych %{count} nod ar ôl",
+        "other": "Mae gennych %{count} nod ar ôl"
+      },
+      "atLimit": "Mae gennych 0 nod ar ôl",
+      "overLimit": {
+        "one": "Mae gennych %{count} nod yn ormod",
+        "other": "Mae gennych %{count} nod yn ormod"
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/en-GB.json b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/en-GB.json
index 507ef8027..7eb2e3852 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/en-GB.json
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/translations/en-GB.json
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
         "body": "If you want to receive a test email, [[link]] you want form submissions to go to.",
         "linkText": "enter the email address (opens in new tab)"
       },
+      "bannerTitle": "Important",
       "bannerForce": "This is a preview of a [[previewMode]] form. Do not enter personal information.",
       "bannerText": "This is a preview of a [[previewMode]] form page you are editing.",
       "previousPages": "It depends on answers from earlier pages in the form. In the live version, users will need to complete those questions first."
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@
     },
 
     "paymentField": {
-      "detailsRequired": "Payment details required",
+      "detailsRequired": "Payment required",
       "pendingTransaction": "You may see a pending transaction in your bank account but you will only be charged when you submit the form.",
       "addPaymentDetails": "Add payment details",
       "cannotTakePayment": "There is a problem and we cannot take a payment. Contact us (details in the footer of this form) or save your progress and return to the form later.",
@@ -266,6 +267,19 @@
       "uploadedFilesHeading": "Uploaded files",
       "filesCount_one": "[[count]] file uploaded",
       "filesCount_other": "[[count]] files uploaded"
+    },
+
+    "characterCount": {
+      "_comment": "Note the use of %{count} instead of [[count]]. This is because we are passing to the govuk template, not passing to Joi",
+      "underLimit": {
+        "one": "You have %{count} character remaining",
+        "other": "You have %{count} characters remaining"
+      },
+      "atLimit": "You have 0 characters remaining",
+      "overLimit": {
+        "one": "You have %{count} character too many",
+        "other": "You have %{count} characters too many"
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/types.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/types.ts
index 8aa665f56..a10db632f 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/types.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/i18n/types.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ export type FormDefinitionTranslations = Record<
         hint: string
         content: string
         shortDescription: string
+        paymentDescription: string
       }>
     >
     sections: Record<string, Partial<Pick<Section, 'title'>>>
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.ts
index a7893e84f..3c6f6281e 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.ts
@@ -174,9 +174,14 @@ export class QuestionPageController extends PageController {
           if (!pageTitle) {
             pageTitle = labelOrLegend.text
           }
-          labelOrLegend.text = isOptional
-            ? `${pageTitle} ${t('common.optional')}`
-            : pageTitle
+
+          // The question text may have already appended 'optional' in the relevant language
+          const optionalWord = t('common.optional')
+          const optionalAlreadyAppended = pageTitle.endsWith(` ${optionalWord}`)
+          labelOrLegend.text =
+            isOptional && !optionalAlreadyAppended
+              ? `${pageTitle} ${optionalWord}`
+              : pageTitle
         }
 
         // Fallback if still no pageTitle set
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/multilinetextfield.html b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/multilinetextfield.html
index fa3eb9480..6460a63cc 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/multilinetextfield.html
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/multilinetextfield.html
@@ -3,7 +3,18 @@
 
 {% macro MultilineTextField(component) %}
   {% if component.model.isCharacterOrWordCount == true %}
-    {{ govukCharacterCount(component.model) }}
+    {% set characterParams = component.model | merge({
+      charactersUnderLimitText: {
+        one: t('components.characterCount.underLimit.one'),
+        other: t('components.characterCount.underLimit.other')
+      },
+      charactersAtLimitText: t('components.characterCount.atLimit'),
+      charactersOverLimitText: {
+        one: t('components.characterCount.overLimit.one'),
+        other: t('components.characterCount.overLimit.other')
+      }
+    } ) %}
+    {{ govukCharacterCount(characterParams) }}
   {% else %}
     {{ govukTextarea(component.model) }}
   {% endif %}
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/paymentfield.html b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/paymentfield.html
index 7f0bf8c8f..63c760098 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/paymentfield.html
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/components/paymentfield.html
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ <h2 class="govuk-heading-m">{{ t('components.paymentField.preAuthorisedTitle') }
       <p class="govuk-body">{{ t('components.paymentField.preAuthorisedBody') }}</p>
     {% else %}
       {# No pre-authorisation - show payment form #}
-      <h2 class="govuk-heading-m">{{ model.label.text if model.label and model.label.text else t('components.paymentField.detailsRequired') }}</h2>
+      <h2 class="govuk-heading-m">{{ t('components.paymentField.detailsRequired') }}</h2>
 
       <p class="govuk-body">{{ description }}</p>
 
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/partials/preview-banner.html b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/partials/preview-banner.html
index 3d4cc427b..4c151c3f3 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/views/partials/preview-banner.html
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/views/partials/preview-banner.html
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
   </p>
 {%- endmacro -%}
 
-{% call govukNotificationBanner() %}
+{% call govukNotificationBanner({
+  titleText: t('pages.preview.bannerTitle')
+}) %}
   {% set previewModeTranslated = t('common.' + previewMode) %}
   {% if not context.isForceAccess %}
     <p class="govuk-notification-banner__heading govuk-!-margin-bottom-0">